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Lec 2: Water, Concentration and Equilibrium
At the end of this lecture and after performing the reading (below) you should be able to:
Describe the bonding in a water molecule
Describe the shape of simple molecules in terms of hybridisation and lone pairs
Assess which part of a polar molecule is more negative
Define electronegativity
Explain the properties of water which are attributable to hydrogen bonding. 
Define the equilibrium constant of a given chemical reaction
Explain the terms ‘moles’ and ‘molarity’
Deduce the pH of a s...
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 4 pages •
At the end of this lecture and after performing the reading (below) you should be able to:
Describe the bonding in a water molecule
Describe the shape of simple molecules in terms of hybridisation and lone pairs
Assess which part of a polar molecule is more negative
Define electronegativity
Explain the properties of water which are attributable to hydrogen bonding. 
Define the equilibrium constant of a given chemical reaction
Explain the terms ‘moles’ and ‘molarity’
Deduce the pH of a s...
Lec 4: Nucleic Acids
-groups of molecules. 
-genetic information. 
-polynucleotides. 
-components. 
-synthesis. 
-sugar backbone. 
-watson and crick. 
-key features of double helix.
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 2 pages •
-groups of molecules. 
-genetic information. 
-polynucleotides. 
-components. 
-synthesis. 
-sugar backbone. 
-watson and crick. 
-key features of double helix.
Lec 3: Molecular Shape, Functional Groups and Isomerism
At the end of this lecture and after performing the recommended reading (below) you should be able to:
Write and interpret the structures of organic molecules
Recognise and explain main simple features of: hydroxyl, amino, sulphhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl and phosphate functional groups.
Recognise isomers, and what sort of isomers are shown. 
Describe optical activity
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 5 pages •
At the end of this lecture and after performing the recommended reading (below) you should be able to:
Write and interpret the structures of organic molecules
Recognise and explain main simple features of: hydroxyl, amino, sulphhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl and phosphate functional groups.
Recognise isomers, and what sort of isomers are shown. 
Describe optical activity
Lec 5 & 6: Proteins
-functions. 
-synthesis. 
-variations. 
-optical isomers. 
-physiological conditions. 
-pKa and pH. 
-peptide bonds. 
-direction. 
-no free rotation. 
-polypeptide. 
-protein conformation. 
-protein folding. 
-secondary structures.
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 5 pages •
-functions. 
-synthesis. 
-variations. 
-optical isomers. 
-physiological conditions. 
-pKa and pH. 
-peptide bonds. 
-direction. 
-no free rotation. 
-polypeptide. 
-protein conformation. 
-protein folding. 
-secondary structures.
Lec 7 & 8: Protein Structure and Function
-primary structure. 
-secondary structure. 
-alpha helix. 
-beta sheet. 
-loop region. 
-b-a-b motif. 
-post-translational modifications. 
-tertiary structure.
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 5 pages •
-primary structure. 
-secondary structure. 
-alpha helix. 
-beta sheet. 
-loop region. 
-b-a-b motif. 
-post-translational modifications. 
-tertiary structure.
Lec 9: Carbohydrates
-function. 
-definition. 
-monosaccharides.
-monosaccharide terminology. 
-simple monosaccharides. 
-optical isomers. 
-the aldose series. 
-the ketose series. 
-cyclisation. 
-aldohexoses. 
-ketohexoses. 
-mutarotation. 
-conformation of monosaccharides.
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 6 pages •
-function. 
-definition. 
-monosaccharides.
-monosaccharide terminology. 
-simple monosaccharides. 
-optical isomers. 
-the aldose series. 
-the ketose series. 
-cyclisation. 
-aldohexoses. 
-ketohexoses. 
-mutarotation. 
-conformation of monosaccharides.
Protein Structure and Function
At the end of this lecture and after performing the reading (below) you should be able to:
- Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy
- List the main chemical elements essential to life
- Name the subatomic particles which make up the atom
- Be able to define the term ‘isotope’ and give an example
- Describe the orbitals of an atom 
- Be able to explain the following types of bonding, with examples of each: covalent; hydrogen; ionic; van der Waal’s. 
- Give the preferred number of...
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 5 pages •
At the end of this lecture and after performing the reading (below) you should be able to:
- Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy
- List the main chemical elements essential to life
- Name the subatomic particles which make up the atom
- Be able to define the term ‘isotope’ and give an example
- Describe the orbitals of an atom 
- Be able to explain the following types of bonding, with examples of each: covalent; hydrogen; ionic; van der Waal’s. 
- Give the preferred number of...
Molecular Shape, Functional Groups and Isomerism
BIOL111: MOLECULAR SHAPE, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND ISOMERISM FIRST YEAR NOTES. 
Learning Objectives: 
- Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. 
- List the main chemical elements essential to life. 
- Name the subatomic particles which make up the atom. 
- Be able to define the term ‘isotope’ and give an example. 
- Describe the orbitals of an atom. 
- Be able to explain the following types of bonding, with examples of each: covalent; hydrogen; ionic; van der Waal’s. 
- Give the pr...
- Book
- Lecture notes
- • 5 pages •
BIOL111: MOLECULAR SHAPE, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND ISOMERISM FIRST YEAR NOTES. 
Learning Objectives: 
- Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. 
- List the main chemical elements essential to life. 
- Name the subatomic particles which make up the atom. 
- Be able to define the term ‘isotope’ and give an example. 
- Describe the orbitals of an atom. 
- Be able to explain the following types of bonding, with examples of each: covalent; hydrogen; ionic; van der Waal’s. 
- Give the pr...