Imperial College London (ICL)

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separation goals for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. A reverse osmosis membrane has a salt rejection of 95% A 5% solution of sucrose (Mw = 342.2) is concentrated using a tubular nanofiltration membrane

functional group for cation-exchange membranes Show typical plot of current vs. voltage for electrodialysis A 25-micron cellophane membrane is used in an artificial kidney Surface water containing a sodium chloride concentration of 1 g/1 is desalted with electrodialysis to 200 ppm for irrigation. In an elecrodialysis, the current density (i) and voltage (electrical potential E) values

polymers for commercial pervaporation applications Calculate the plasticization constant of water concentration profiles of water in the pervaporation experiment. The ethanol flux and 2) The ethanol wt. % in the permeate at this temperature

simplified model with the analytical solution, Calculate the permeate and feed flow rate Qp/Qf (stage-cut) and the permeation area factor  : Make two plots, one for Xp and the other for Qp/Qf, Calculate the membrane area A and the permeate flow rate Qp for the case Plot Xp and Qp separately as a function of membrane area

two types of glassy polymers for gas separation, typical plots for permeability, diffusivity, and solubility to Membrane-based oxygenators are frequently used as a heart-lung device

three polymers most commonly used in the preparation of microporous membranes via phase inversion for ultrafiltration and microfiltration steps in the membrane preparation via the phase inversion technique typical phase diagrams, including composition paths

pressure in gas separation, the separation factor can be expressed as the permeability ratio, polyimide membrane process to recover hydrogen from a refinery waste stream, prove that the true separation factor ij is related to * ij in the following equation

By the use of a Langmuir-Blodgett method, very thin films can be prepared, and this method may be useful for high selectivity but low permeability polymers. selectivity and oxygen flux for the special polymer layer, oxygen fluxes and oxygen/nitrogen separation factors

Give the cyclic monomer(s), initiator, and reaction conditions Discuss the effect of ring size on the tendency of a cyclic monomer toward ring opening polymerization. Describe by an equation the mechanism for the propagation step in this polymerization Explain why propagation is faster in less polar solvent.

Is styrene monomer a more or less reactive monomer than FMA, Free radical Copolymerization, Given Q and e values, Predict whether FEA or FMA will have the high p k in homopolymerization,

sodium naphthalene polymerization of methyl methacrylate, Calculate the propagation rate constant. Calculate the degree of polymerization at 2000

compare the rate and degree of polymerization of styrene Compare the pros and cons of emulsion polymerization

prepolymer are used for this polymerization of PMMA

What is the breadth of molecular weight distribution that is expected, CHAIN POLYMERIZATION 3-6: CHAIN TRANSFER

How long will it take to achieve 50% conversion? kp = 145 L mol-1 s-1, Calculate the relative extents of termination by disproportionation and coupling

percentages of head to- tail and head-to-head linkages in the poly(vinyl acetate).

chemical equations the polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by thermal decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide