Nucleophile Study guides, Revision notes & Summaries

General formula for alkyl halide C(n)H(2n+1)X Vinyl halides A halogen atom bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond Aryl halides A halogen atom boned to a benzene ring True True or False: Vinyl and aryl halides are non reactive Why are vinyl and aryl halides non-reactive? The X is bonded to a C that is sp2 hybridized Allylic halides Have X bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a C-C double bond benzylic halides Have X bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a benz...

Chem 210 Exam 3 Questions & Answers(Rated A+) what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? - ANSWERhybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density what is a leaving group? - ANSWER- group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own - eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids what is the α carbon? - ANSWERC directly attached to leaving group what are β Cs? β Hs? - ANSWERβC: C(s) attached to α carbon βH: H(s) attached to βC what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or elec...

IR Spectra correct answer: -Absorption of radiation causes vibrational excitation of functional groups *making it easy to ID functional groups* *0-5000cm-1* H NMR Spectra correct answer: *0-12ppm* C NMR Spectra correct answer: *0-200ppm* Mass Spec correct answer: -Used to measure the molecular weight (mass) of the compound. Alkyne Reactions correct answer: *1* Alkyne + H2/Pd &C = Alkene *2* Alkyne + H2/Lindlav Cat.= Cis Alkene *3* Alkyne + Li or Na/Liquid NH3= Trans Alkene ...

van der Waals correct answer: -weakest (short lives) but lots could strengthen the bond -furthest distance -form as a result of hydrophobic interactions -strength depends on the size of the atoms and the distance between them -cannot be closer than the Van der Waals contact distance or else positively charged nuclei will repel each other (energy= 0) Proteins correct answer: main action molecule of the cell (Most chemical processes of the body are carried out by proteins) -classified in...

what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? - ANSWERhybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density what is a leaving group? - ANSWER- group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own - eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids what is the α carbon? - ANSWERC directly attached to leaving group what are β Cs? β Hs? - ANSWERβC: C(s) attached to α carbon βH: H(s) attached to βC what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or electrophile? - ANSWERlewis base, nucleophile what i...

IB Organic Chemistry (HL) Latest Update 100% Solved chiral carbon A carbon that is singly bonded to 4 different atoms forming a tetrahedron that forms non-superimposable mirror images homolytic fission breaking a bond where each electron in a bond goes to one atom heterolytic fission breaking a bond where both electrons in a bond goes to one atom homologous series A series of molecules that have the same general formula but differ by the number of CH2's, has similar chemical ...

Reagent = Nucleophile Only - ANSWER1° = Sn2 2° = Sn2 3° = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessary) Reagent = Strong Nucleophile & Strong Base - ANSWER1° = Sn2 2° = E2 3° = E2 Reagent = Weak Nucleophile and Weak Base - ANSWER1°/2° = No Reaction 3°/resonance stabilized carbocation = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessry Reagent = Base Only - ANSWER1° = E2 or Sn2 (if unhindered and no beta-hydrogen with unhindered base) 2° = E2 3° = E2 Examples of Only Nucleophiles - ANSWERCl⁻, ...

SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution - 2 steps - Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization - Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) - 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile - Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms - Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming the product SN2 Reaction - ANSWER- Bimolecular nuc...

strong base, weak nucleophile correct answer: NaH strong base, weak nucleophile correct answer: DBN strong base, weak nucleophile correct answer: DBU strong base, strong nucleophile correct answer: HO- strong base, strong nucleophile correct answer: MeO- strong base, strong nucleophile correct answer: EtO- weak base, strong nucleophile correct answer: I- weak base, strong nucleophile correct answer: Br- weak base, strong nucleophile correct answer: Cl- weak ba...

NaH SB/WN t-BuOK SB/WN 00:04 00:53 LDA SB/WN DBN SB/WN DBU SB/WN t-BuLi SB/WN OH- SB/SN OCH3 SB/SN NaCCR SB/SN NaNH2 SB/SN BuLi SB/SN Br- WB/SN