Microbiology Study guides, Revision notes & Summaries

what are the essential features of an antibiotic? Correct Answer-1. must kill/stop growth of bacteria 2. does not harm the host is aspirin an antibiotic? why or why not? Correct Answer-no because it does not kill/stop growth of bacteria is bleach an antibiotic? why or why not? Correct Answer-no because it harms the host what are the practical features of an antibiotic? Correct Answer--shelf life -potency -ability to make enough/synthesize -economically availible -bioavailible wh...

what is the target of abyssomycin? Correct Answer-Folate synthesis/metabolism what is the target of aminoglycosides? Correct Answer-protein synthesis what is the target of chloramphenicol? Correct Answer-protein synthesis what is the target of dalfopristin? Correct Answer-protein synthesis what is the target of fluoroquinolones? Correct Answer-DNA gyrase / Topo 4 what is the target of kasugamycin? Correct Answer-protein synthesis what is the target of kirromycin? Correct Answer...

Why were virtually all screened small molecules that inhibited isolated bacterial proteins poor antibiotic candidates? Correct Answer-They did not prevent whole bacterial cells from growing because they couldn't get into cells, couldn't access their target, were metabolized by the cells etc. Screening isolated proteins is dissimilar from how the bacteria would actually work. Name 8 bacterial processes that in principle could represent potential targets for antibiotics. Correct Answer-1. Fat...

what is antibiotic selection? Correct Answer-the most resistant cells surviving when antibiotic resistance is around where can abx selection occur? Correct Answer-anywhere that bacteria and abx is present name a common use for abx selection in microbiological research Correct Answer-identifying particular cells that contain a DNA of interest -ex: plasma, transform cells w a plasma and plate them on an agar Why does virtually every plasmid used for scientific research contain an antibio...

Why is the bacterial cell wall a good target for antibiotic action? There are 2 criteria it meets Correct Answer-- different than animal cells - essential for life How do gram-positive and gram-negative cells typically differ with respect to their cell envelope? Correct Answer-Gram positive: Thick peptidoglycan, no outer membrane Gram negative: outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan Why are gram-negative organisms typically more resistant to antibiotics? Correct Answer-The outer membrane ac...

What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? Correct Answer-the four humors//paliative or aggressive What were some common medical interventions? Correct Answer-Palliative and aggressive interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more harm than good; make you bleed, urinate, deficate Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? Correct Answer-Galen in 150 A.D What are the four humors? Correct Answer-black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and ...

What are the essential features of an antibiotic? correct answer- 1) kill/stop bacterial growth and 2) not harm the host Is aspirin an antibiotic? why or why not? correct answer- no, it does not stop bacterial growth is bleach (sodium hypochlorite) an antibiotic? why or why not? correct answer- no, it harms the host What are practical features of an antibiotic? correct answer- get where it needs to go in the body and be desynthesized, cost effective w/ sufficient quantities what do w...

What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? Correct Answer-palliative and aggressive interventions what were some common medical interventions before the 19th? Correct Answer-blood letting vomitting enema who defined the four humors theory? when was it defined? what are the four humors? Correct Answer-Galon 150 A.D black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood letting contrast the treatment required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the germ theory of disease. ...

What is a fundamental principle of small grain agronomy? Correct Answer-Plant quality seed Provide adequate plant nutrition Control pests Plant for the next production cycle Of the cereal grains that can be malted for brewing beer, which was not grown in Oklahoma for more than 50 years Correct Answer-Barley Much of what we know about growing other cereal grains was learned from growing _____, because it's the number one grain crop in Oklahoma Correct Answer-Wheat Triticale is a cros...

What is a pathogen? correct answer A microbial organism that causes disease. What is a commensal organism? correct answer Harmless bacteria that are on our body and can only cause disease if they are accidentally introduced into deeper tissues. Describe the human microbiome. correct answer All the microbes in or on our body. Name the body sites that are most hospitable to bacteria and have their own microbiomes. correct answer Mouth, Respiratory tract, Stomach, Intestines (most hospitab...