Tennessee Cosmetology State Board 1 Exam 458 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Tennessee Cosmetology State Board 1 Exam 458 Questions with Verified Answers Which cut holds less weight, layered or graduated? - CORRECT ANSWER layered Most people have become successful through what 3 aspects? - CORRECT ANSWER Self motivation, energy, and persistance How does extremely curly hair grow? - CORRECT ANSWER In long twisted sprials Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to what percent? - CORRECT ANSWER 50% The technique used to free up the dominant cutting hand to cut a subsection is called: - CORRECT ANSWER transferring the comb What are the areas of the head where the surface of the head changes called? What are the areas used for? - CORRECT ANSWER Reference points and they are used to establish design lines A method of cutting or thinning hair where the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is: - CORRECT ANSWER Slide cutting Thinning hair to graducated lengths using a sliding movement with shear blades partially open is: - CORRECT ANSWER Slithering The slicing technique removes bulk and adds: - CORRECT ANSWER Movement through the lengths of the hair A version of the slicing technique that creates a visual seperation in the hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER Carving *To remove less hair with this technique the scissors should be held more vertical Who is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on salary? - CORRECT ANSWER Stockholder What face shape would soft fringe around the forehead benefit most? - CORRECT ANSWER Triangle face shape (will hide a small forehead) Bacilli and spirilla bacteria are both motile and use slender hairlike extensions known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Flagella How many bones are in the face? - CORRECT ANSWER 14 How many bones are in the foot? - CORRECT ANSWER 26 How many bones are in the ankle joint? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 How many bones are in the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER 8 Define "Cocci" - CORRECT ANSWER Round shaped bacteria apears singular or in groups and rarely moves alone. It moves through air and dust rarely show active motility. Define "Staphylococci" - CORRECT ANSWER Puss forming bacteria grows in clusters, like grapes, forms boils or absesses. It is also the most common form of bacteria. The title 62 Chapter 4 shall be known and may be cited as the : - CORRECT ANSWER Tennessee Cosmetology Act of 1986 What does aesthetics include? - CORRECT ANSWER Massaging, cleansing, stimulating, manipulating, exercising, beautifying or similar work with hands or mechanical or electrical apparatus, or by the use of cosmetic prep, antiseptics, tonics, lotions, or creams. What is the definition of "Board?" - CORRECT ANSWER The state board of cosmetology created by 62-4-103 What is the definition of cosmetology shop? - CORRECT ANSWER Any place of business where any person engages or offers to engage in any practice of cosmetology for a fee or other form of compensation, but does not include manicure shope or skin care. What is natural hairstyling? - CORRECT ANSWER Techniques that result in tension on hair strands such as twisting, wrapping, weaving, extending, locking, or braiding or the hair by hand or mechnical appliances. What is a managing cosmetologist? - CORRECT ANSWER A licensed cosmetologist who is designated by the owner of a cosmetology shop to be responsible for supervising the operation of the shop and it's employees. What is the definition of a skin care shop? - CORRECT ANSWER Any place of business where any person performs or offers to perform exclusively aesthetics services for a fee or other form of compensation. The practice of aesthetics or the practice of cosmetology does not include: - CORRECT ANSWER Any treatment or attempt to treat any abnormality or disease related condition of the skin, skin disease process, or aging process of the skin. How many members will the board consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER 9 Who appoints the members of the board? - CORRECT ANSWER Governor There shall be at least two members from each ________ __________ of the state. - CORRECT ANSWER Grand Division 5 members of the board shall be ____________ each of whom has been licensed in this state for at least ____ years. Can any of these members be an instructor? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Cosmetologists 2. 5 years 3. Not while serving on the board Two members of the board shall be persons at least _____ years of age. Who are not engaged in the ___________ __ ___________. What are the educational requirements of these members? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. 21 years of age 2. Occupation of cosmetology 3. One must hold a baccalaureate degree with a major in eduaction. No educational degree requirements shall apply for the second public member. One member of the board shall be an ___________ who has held a valid instructor's license, issued by the board, for at least ____ years. What activities is this person NOT entitled to participate in? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Instructor 2. 5 years 3. Administration of examiniations and inspections of schools One member of the board shall be an ______ __ _ _______ licensed by the board. What activities of the board is this person NOT entitled to participate in? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Owner of a school 2. Administration of examinations and inspection of schools The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is: - CORRECT ANSWER Curl softening All chemical texture procedures involve changing the hair structure using: - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical and physical changes What is the exterior hair structure layer that protects the hair from damage? - CORRECT ANSWER Cuticle The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cortex Hair bonds that cannot be broken by heat or water are: - CORRECT ANSWER Disulfide bonds The natural pH of hair is between: - CORRECT ANSWER 4.5 and 5.5 Permanent waves cannot be performed if the hair is coated with: - CORRECT ANSWER Metallic salts Disulfide bonds are chemical-based side bonds that are formed when: - CORRECT ANSWER Three peptide bonds are broken apart What is the measurement used to determine the hydrogen ions in a solution? - CORRECT ANSWER Potential of hydrogen Chemical texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair by lifting the cuticle layer to: - CORRECT ANSWER Allow penetration to the cortex layer Long, coiled polypeptide chains that are part of the hairs structure are: - CORRECT ANSWER Peptide bonds What is the measurement of the number of hairs per square inch on the head? - CORRECT ANSWER Density An indication of the strength of the side bonds is: - CORRECT ANSWER Porosity In permanent waving the size of the curl is determined by the: - CORRECT ANSWER Size of rod The permanent wave rod that produces a uniform curl along the entire width of the strand is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Straight rod A wrapping technique using two endpapers, one placed under the strand and one over is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Double-flat wrap The technique of wrapping at a 90-degree angle or straight out from the center is: - CORRECT ANSWER Half-off base placement, it minimizes stress and tension on the hair. What are the two basic types of wrapping hair around a perm rod? - CORRECT ANSWER Spiral method and croquignole method A redution reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of: - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen A common, colorless reducing agent used in chemical texture services is: - CORRECT ANSWER Thioglycolic acid What is the main reducing agent in alkaline permanents? - CORRECT ANSWER Ammonium thioglycolate Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between: - CORRECT ANSWER 9.0 and 9.6 What is the primary low pH reducing agent in acid waves? - CORRECT ANSWER Glyceryl monothioglycolate What does an exothermic chemical reaction produce? - CORRECT ANSWER Heat What are the 3 basic components of acid waves? - CORRECT ANSWER Permanent wave solution, activator, and neutralizer An endothermic wave must be activated using a: - CORRECT ANSWER Outside heat source How should the processing time be deremined in permanent waving ? - CORRECT ANSWER Strength of the solution What is the process of rearranging extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form ? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical hair relaxing In extremely curly hair, the thinnest and weakest sections of the hair strand are located at the: - CORRECT ANSWER Twists Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above: - CORRECT ANSWER 10 What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydroxide ion Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond converting it into a: - CORRECT ANSWER Lanthionine bond Hydroxide ions left in the hair aftera relaxer can be neutralized using an: - CORRECT ANSWER Acid balanced shampoo Relaxers containing one component used without any additional mixing are: - CORRECT ANSWER Metal hydroxide relaxers Sodium hydroxide relasers (NaOH) are commonly called: - CORRECT ANSWER Lye relaxers Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as: - CORRECT ANSWER No-lye relaxers A relaxer with two components mixed immediately prior to use is: - CORRECT ANSWER Guanidine hydroxide relaxer Each member of the board shall have been a __________ resident of this state for a period of at least ______ years immediately preceding the date of appointment. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Bonafide 2. 5 years How long is the term of a board member? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 years Before entering upon their duties, members of the board shall take and subscribe to: - CORRECT ANSWER The oath of office provided for state officers. The board shall annually elect from its members a _______ and a ________ _______. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Chair 2. Vice Chair How old must you be to be an aesthetician? - CORRECT ANSWER 16 years old How many hours must you have to receive a manicurist license? - CORRECT ANSWER 600 hours How many hours do you need to be a natural hairstylist? - CORRECT ANSWER 300 hours How many hours of instructor training must be attended in order to maintain an active instructor license? How often does an instructor have to submit these hours to the board? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. 16 hours 2. Every 2 years How many instructors would be needed for 60 students? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 instructors (1 instructor per 20 students) How many hours can a student be in attendance per day and per week? - CORRECT ANSWER 8 hours per day, 6 days per week How many hours of instruction must a cosmetology student have before they work on the public? - CORRECT ANSWER 200 hours A violation of this chapter of of any rules promulgated under this chapter is a: (In reference to inspection from state board) - CORRECT ANSWER Class B Misdemeanor What does The Uniform Administrative Procedures Act govern? - CORRECT ANSWER All matters and procedures respecting the nearing and judicial review of any contested case arising under this chapter. Define "Cosmetology" - CORRECT ANSWER The art and science of beautification and improving the skin, nails, and hair, and the study of cosmetics and their application. Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as: - CORRECT ANSWER the Ice Age What was the first culture to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion? - CORRECT ANSWER the Egyptians What was the first recorded use of a hair-coloring agent, in 3000 B.C.? - CORRECT ANSWER Henna The barber pole has its roots of origin in what profession? - CORRECT ANSWER Medicine, a medical procedure called bloodletting that was thought to improve the immune system. What the pole symbolizes: White lines: bandage - used to stop the bleeding Red lines: blood Blue lines: veins In ancient Rome, hair-color was used by women to indicate: - CORRECT ANSWER Class in society In 1938, Arnold F. Willatt developed a method of permanent waving that used waving lotion with no heat called a: - CORRECT ANSWER Cold wave Who marketed the first nail polish in 1932? - CORRECT ANSWER Charles Revson of Revlon To achieve a look of greater intelligence during the Renaissance, women: - CORRECT ANSWER Shaved their eyebrows and hairline An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Perfectionism Define "being tactful" - CORRECT ANSWER Being straightforward but not critical Making a list of tasks to complete form most to least important is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Prioritizing That which propels you to do something is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Motivation When your personal appearance and conduct are in harmony with the beauty business, you project a: - CORRECT ANSWER Professional image The study of how a workplace can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficiency, and productivity is: - CORRECT ANSWER Ergonomics The key to prevent repetitive motion injury is to be aware of: - CORRECT ANSWER Body posture and movements Musculoskeletal disorders is a term used to describe: - CORRECT ANSWER Work-related repetitive injuries Define "personal hygiene" - CORRECT ANSWER The daily maintenance of cleanliness and healthfulness through certain sanitary practices. Listening to a client and then repeating in your own words what you think the client is telling you is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Reflective listening You are in a better position to do your job professionally when you: - CORRECT ANSWER Clearly understand the motives and needs of others. What is central to a stylist's success? - CORRECT ANSWER Excellent customer service If you experience any problems with colleagues, the best way to resolve them is to: - CORRECT ANSWER Speak with them directly and privately The individual in the salon that has the most responsibility for how the salon is run in terms of daily maintenance, operations, and client service is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Salon manager Define "Communication" - CORRECT ANSWER the art of effectively sharing information between two or more people In the event that a situation is beyond your control, the key to handling your reactions is to: - CORRECT ANSWER Communicate past the issue To be successful, it is important for your career to: - CORRECT ANSWER Participate proactively by communicating your desires and interests What does MSDS stand for? and who cant they be obtained from? - CORRECT ANSWER Material Safety Data Sheet and are obtained from the product manufacturer One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are: - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria In the human body, nonpathogenic bacteria help metabolize food, protect against infectious microorganisms, and: - CORRECT ANSWER stimulate the immune response What is a small minority of bacteria that cause disease when invading plant or animal tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER pathogenic A type of pathogenic bacteria that require living matter for growth are: - CORRECT ANSWER parasites Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines that resemble a string of beads are: - CORRECT ANSWER Streptococci *May cause strep throat or blood poisoning Define "Diplococci" - CORRECT ANSWER Spherical bacteria grows in paris and can cause pneumonia. Carried through blood and body fluid. In 2000, what bacteria caused a client outbreak due to the failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for whirlpool foot spas? - CORRECT ANSWER Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis Lyme disease, syphilis, or sexually transmitted diseases are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called: - CORRECT ANSWER Spirilla What is a short rod shaped bacteria that moves in a whip like motion? - CORRECT ANSWER Bacilli Bacteria generally consist of an outer wall containing a liquid called: - CORRECT ANSWER protoplasm *Found in the cells of all living things What are the two distinct phases of the life cycle of bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER The active stage and inactive or spore-forming stage The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce, and divide into two new cells is: - CORRECT ANSWER Mitosis *The two new cells are called daughter cells When body tissues are invaded by pathogenic bacteria, it is a sign of: - CORRECT ANSWER Infection *The presence of pus is also a sign of infection An infection, indicated by a lesion containing pus, confined to a particular part of the body is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Local infection A submicroscopic structure capable of infecting plants and animals including bacteria is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Virus * A virus can live and reproduce only by penetrating other cells and becoming part of them What does EPA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Environmental Protection Agency *Disinfectants must have a registration number and be approved by this agency. What does OSHA stand for and what is their job? - CORRECT ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration, party of the U.S. Department of Labor that regulates the standard of dealing with blood born pathogens in our industry. As well as enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace. Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids are: - CORRECT ANSWER Bloodborne pathogens *Transmission of these bloodborne pathogens can become possible anytime the skin barrier is broken A skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is: - CORRECT ANSWER Scabies What is decontamination? and what are the three main types of decontamination? - CORRECT ANSWER The process of removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces. Main types: Sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization (SDS) A salon implement that accidentally comes in contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and: - CORRECT ANSWER completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant Common, very safe, and useful types of disinfectant that contain sophisticated blends that work to disinfect implements in 10 to 15 minutes are: - CORRECT ANSWER QUATS (quaternary ammonium compounds) Disinfectants with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are: - CORRECT ANSWER phenolic disinfectants To be affective in the disinfection of implements, ethyl alcohol must be no less than: - CORRECT ANSWER 70% Antiseptics are effective for: - CORRECT ANSWER Sterilizing equipment A client that is infected with Hepatitis B or other bloodborne pathogens and shows no symptoms or signs of infection is: - CORRECT ANSWER Asymptomatic What is the basic unit of all living things? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell Cosmetology is primarily restricted to the muscles, nerves, circulatory system, and: - CORRECT ANSWER bones of the head, face, neck, arms, hands, lower legs, and feet What is the study of the structures of the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER Anatomy A dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is: - CORRECT ANSWER nucleus The water fluid that cells needs for growth, reproduction, and self-repair is found in the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cytoplasm The chemical process whereby cells are nourished and carry out their activities is: - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolism The chemical process of cell nourishment has two phases, which are: - CORRECT ANSWER Anabolism and catabolism What is a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function? - CORRECT ANSWER Tissue A type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body is: - CORRECT ANSWER Connective tissue Tissues that are a protective covering on the skin or the lining of the heart and glands are examples of: - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelial tissue What are the special cells that compose nerve tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons What is the physical foundation of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Skeletal system The connection between two or more bones is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Joint What is the scientific name for the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteology The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and the: - CORRECT ANSWER Talus The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cranium The hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bone, which forms the back of the skull above the nape is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Occipital bone The system of the body that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Muscular system What is the medical term used to describe the study, function, and diseases of the muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER Myology The two bones that form the upper jaw are: - CORRECT ANSWER Maxillae bones The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium are the: - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal bones The uppermost and largest hone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder, is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Humerus *Elbow to the shoulder think funny bone "Humerus" Muscles are fibrous tissue classifies as three types, which are: - CORRECT ANSWER Striated, nonstriated, and cardiac Skeletal muscles attached to bone that are voluntary or controlled at will are: - CORRECT ANSWER Striated muscle What is the part of the muscle that does not move? - CORRECT ANSWER Origin *Pressure applied to a muscle during a massage is usually directed from the insertion to the origin. What is the broad muscle that covers the top of the head? - CORRECT ANSWER Epicranius The front portion of the epicranius that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Frontalis What muscle of the neck is responsible for lowering and rotating the head? - CORRECT ANSWER Sternocleidomastoid The ring muscle of the eye socket that enables the eyes to close is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Orbicularis oculi A muscle covering the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back that rotates and controls the swinging of the arms is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Trapezius Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are the: - CORRECT ANSWER Extensors The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw fingers together are the: - CORRECT ANSWER Adductors *draw together = ADDuctors Where is the gastrocnemius muscle located? - CORRECT ANSWER Lower leg What is the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurology Every square inch of the body is supplied with fine fibers known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Nerves *Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue The nervous system that controls the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Central nervous system What system of nerves carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER Peripheral nervous system The largest and most complex nerve tissue in the body is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Brain Sensory nerve endings that are located closest to the surface of the skin are: - CORRECT ANSWER Receptors What nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles and produce movement? - CORRECT ANSWER Motor nerves What is the largest of the cranial nerves, also known as the trifacial nerve or the trigeminal nerve? - CORRECT ANSWER Fifth cranial nerve What is the chief motor nerve of the face that emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck? - CORRECT ANSWER Seventh cranial nerve What nerve and branches supply the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand? - CORRECT ANSWER Radial nerve What is the system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER Circulatory system The system that involves the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Blood vascular system A clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatics of the body and carries waste and impurities away from the cells is: - CORRECT ANSWER Lymph The upper, thin-walled chambers of the heart are the: - CORRECT ANSWER left and right atria What is the blood circulatory system that sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary circulation What are tubelike structures that include arteries, capillaries, and veins? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood vessels What is the largest artery in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER Aorta White blood cells perform the important function of destroying: - CORRECT ANSWER Disease-causing microorganisms The artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) part of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head is the: - CORRECT ANSWER External carotid artery The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: - CORRECT ANSWER ulnar and radial arteries Endocrine glands release a secretion called: - CORRECT ANSWER Hormones The integumentary system is made up of the skin and accessory organs such as: - CORRECT ANSWER oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails What is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, its functions, diseases, and treatments? - CORRECT ANSWER Dermatology What is the largest living organ of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Skin Where is the skin structure generally the thinnest? - CORRECT ANSWER Eyelids What is the outermost layer of the skin called? - CORRECT ANSWER Epidermis layer *This layer does not contain blood vessels What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER Stratum germinativum and it is responsible for the growth of the epidermis. The dark special cells that protect sensitive cells and provide color to the skin are: - CORRECT ANSWER Melanocytes The granular layer of the skin is also called the: - CORRECT ANSWER Stratum granulosum layer *Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from this layer. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the: - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum Define "keratin" - CORRECT ANSWER A fiber protein that is the principle component of hair, skin, and nails The clear, transparent layer under the skin surface is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Stratum lucidum The underlying or inner layer of the skin is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Dermis layer *Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from flexible fibers found in this layer. The outermost layer, directly beneath the epidermis, is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Papillary layer The deepest layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients and contains sweat and oil glands is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Reticular layer Tissue that gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion is: - CORRECT ANSWER Subcutaneous tissue What motor nerve fibers are attached to the hair follicle that can cause goose bumps? - CORRECT ANSWER Arrector pili muscle What do secretory nerve fibers do? - CORRECT ANSWER Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum. What are the two types of melanin produced by the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Pheomelanin and eumelanin What determines the amount and type of pigment produced by an individual? - CORRECT ANSWER Genes The fibrous protein that gives skin its form and strength is: - CORRECT ANSWER Collagen A fiber that gives skin its flexibility and elasticity is: - CORRECT ANSWER Elastin What glands help the body to regulate its temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER Sudoriferous glands A tubelike duct that ends at the skin surface to form the sweat pore is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Secretory coil List the 6 principle functions of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER Sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, and excretion (S.H.A.P.E.) What is a main protein that is found in natural nails? - CORRECT ANSWER Keratin Nails are an appendage of the skin and are part of what body system? - CORRECT ANSWER Integumentary system What is the portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits? What attaches it to the nail plate? - CORRECT ANSWER Nail bed and the bed epithelium is what attaches it to the nail plate. The nail plate is guided and helped along during its growth by a thin layer of tissue called: - CORRECT ANSWER Bed epithelium *This also attaches the nail bed to the nail plate Nail cells are formed in what part of the nail structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Matrix *It continues to create new cells provided that it receives nutrition and is kept healthy. It also determines the length, width, and curvature of nails. Define "lunula" - CORRECT ANSWER The visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin. The most visible and functional part of the nail module is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Nail plate How many layers of nail cells construct the nail plate? - CORRECT ANSWER 100 What is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe? - CORRECT ANSWER Free edge The dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate is: - CORRECT ANSWER Cuticle The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Eponychium The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies underneath the free edge of the nail plate is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Hyponychium What are tough bands of fibrous tissues that connect bones? - CORRECT ANSWER Ligaments What are nail grooves? - CORRECT ANSWER Slits or furrows on the sides of the nail plate. In the normal adult, the average rate of nail growth is about: - CORRECT ANSWER 1/10 of an inch per month How long does it usually take for the replacement of the natural fingernail? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 to 6 months What fingernail grows the fastest? - CORRECT ANSWER Middle finger The nail has a water content between: - CORRECT ANSWER 15% and 25% The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Trichology What are the two parts of a mature hair strand? - CORRECT ANSWER Hair shaft and hair root The follicle, bulb, papilla, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous glands are main structures of the: - CORRECT ANSWER Hair root The tubelike depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Follicle *Hair follicles are not found on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. The follicle extends downward form the epidermis, where it surrounds the dermal papilla. What is the lowest area or part of the hair strand? - CORRECT ANSWER hair bulb What is the overlapping layer of the hair with transparent, scalelike cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Cuticle List the three main layers of the hair shaft: - CORRECT ANSWER Cuticle, medulla, and cortex For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must: - CORRECT ANSWER have an alkaline pH The fibrous protein core of the hair, formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment, is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cortex layer *This layer provides strength and elasticity What is the innermost layer of the hair and what is it composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla is the innermost layer and it is composed of round cells The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is: - CORRECT ANSWER Keratinization The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are: - CORRECT ANSWER Peptide bonds a.k.a. end bond *When peptide bonds hold together a very long chain of amino acids, it is called a polypeptide chain. The three types of cross-links that form the bonds between the polypeptide chains are hydrogen bonds, salt bonds, and: - CORRECT ANSWER disulfide bonds A weak type of physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat is a: - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen bond What easily breaks a salt bond? - CORRECT ANSWER strong alkaline or acidic solutions Which bond must be chemically separated? - CORRECT ANSWER disulfide bond What are the four important factors to consider in hair analysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Texture, porosity, elasticity, and density The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Hair texture *Hair texture is classified as coarse, medium, or fine What is the ability of the hair to absorb water or oil? - CORRECT ANSWER Porosity Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to: - CORRECT ANSWER 50% What can cause dry hair and scalp? - CORRECT ANSWER inactive sebaceous glands What is hair called that is not pigmented and almost never has a medulla? - CORRECT ANSWER Vellus Long, soft hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females is: - CORRECT ANSWER terminal What are the 3 phases of hair growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Anagen (growing phase), catagen (transition phase), and telogen (resting phase) What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair? - CORRECT ANSWER One inch per month What is the term used to identify abnormal hair loss? - CORRECT ANSWER alopecia *The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is called alopecia areata What is the technical term used to describe gray hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Canities *A variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair is ringed hair. What is a condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertrichosis What is a condition characterized by brittleness of the hair and the formation of swellings along the hair shaft? - CORRECT ANSWER Trichorrhexis nodosa What is the technical term used to describe beaded hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Monilethrix What is the medical term for dandruff? - CORRECT ANSWER Pityriasis What is an acute localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain? - CORRECT ANSWER Furuncle An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci is: - CORRECT ANSWER A carbuncle The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Chemistry *Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain carbon. Products manufactured from natural gas, oil, plants, or plant or animal remains are considered to be: - CORRECT ANSWER Organic Metals, minerals, water, and air are examples of: - CORRECT ANSWER inorganic substances Anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in either a solid, liquid, or gas form is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Matter A basic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity is called: - CORRECT ANSWER an element The smallest particle of an element, that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means are: - CORRECT ANSWER atoms Chemically joining two or more atoms forms a: - CORRECT ANSWER molecule When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a new substance called: - CORRECT ANSWER a compound A blended mixture of two or more liquids or a solid dissolved in a liquid is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Solution *Does not separate when standing and contains particles In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER Solvent Liquids that mix easily, into a stable solution, are known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Miscible *Immiscible liquids are not capable of being mixed into a stable solution What are solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Suspensions *Temporary mixture of two kinds of matter A mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Emulsion A substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Surfactant What is the water loving head of a surfactant molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrophilic An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is an: - CORRECT ANSWER ion *The separating of a substance into ions is known as ionization What do acids owe their chemical reactivity to? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen ion The rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by heat or light is: - CORRECT ANSWER Combustion When oxygen is subtracted forma substance, the chemical reaction is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Reduction A substance that has a pH above 7.0 is considered to be an: - CORRECT ANSWER alkali solution A special type of oil used in hair conditioners and as water-resistant lubricants for the skin is: - CORRECT ANSWER Glycerine Oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as ___________, are responsible for the chemical changes created by hair-colors, hair lightener, permanent-wave solutions, and neutralizers. - CORRECT ANSWER Redox *The chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized. The oil loving tail of a surfactant molecule is: - CORRECT ANSWER Lipophillic What are substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products? - CORRECT ANSWER Alkanolamines What organic compounds are substances containing carbon and evaporate very quickly and easily? - CORRECT ANSWER Volatile What is another name for alkalis? - CORRECT ANSWER bases There are about ____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinctive physical and chemical properties. - CORRECT ANSWER 90 The flow of electricity along a conductor is called an: - CORRECT ANSWER Electric current The path of electricity from the generating source through conductors and back to the original source is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER Complete circuit The device that changes direct current to alternating current is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Converter The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Volt The unit that measures the amount of electric current is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Ampere The current that is used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in: - CORRECT ANSWER Milliamperes The unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Watt The device that prevents excessive current form passing through a circuit is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Fuse An applicator that is used for directing the electrical current form the machine to the client's skin is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER Electrode What are the terms for the positive and negative electrodes of an electrotherapy device called? - CORRECT ANSWER Positive electrode = anode Negative electrode = cathode The most commonly used modality that is a constant and direct current? - CORRECT ANSWER Galvanic current What is the process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current called? - CORRECT ANSWER Iontophoresis A process that forces liquids into the tissues form the negative toward the positive pole is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Anaphoresis A thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation that is used for scalp and facial treatments is: - CORRECT ANSWER Tesla current Visible light, the part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that we can see, makes up what percentage of natural sunlight? - CORRECT ANSWER 35% What are the long wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce the most heat? - CORRECT ANSWER Infrared rays The foundation for all artistic applications is: - CORRECT ANSWER Design In the hair design process, when deciding to take calculated risks, it is important to have a strong foundation in: - CORRECT ANSWER Techniques and skills In the principles of design, line defines: - CORRECT ANSWER Form and space Lines that extend in the same direction and maintain a constant distance apart are: - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal lines Lines positioned between horizontal and vertical, used to emphasize or minimize facial features, are: - CORRECT ANSWER Diagonal lines Curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines are: - CORRECT ANSWER Transitional lines The three-dimensional mass or general outline of a hairstyle is referred to as its: - CORRECT ANSWER Form In hairstyling, the area that surrounds the form is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Space *In hair design, with every movement, the relationship of form and space change. Smooth wave patterns accent the face and can be used to narrow: - CORRECT ANSWER A round shaped head In the principles of art and design, the comparative relationship of one thing to another is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Proportion In designing for clients with large or broad shoulders, the stylist would create styles with: - CORRECT ANSWER Volume Balance is described as creating equal or appropriate proportions to create: - CORRECT ANSWER Symmetry A recurrent patter of movement in design is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER Rhythm The area of design where the eye is drawn to first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasis The most important art principle that holds a design together is: - CORRECT ANSWER Harmony The facial type that is about one and a half times longer than its width across the brow is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Oval face To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to: - CORRECT ANSWER Create volume between the temples and jaw The face profile with a receding forehead and chin is generally referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER Convex To give the illusion of proportional eyes to a client with wide-set eyes, the hair should be: - CORRECT ANSWER Slightly darker at the sides than top The triangular section that begins at the apex or high point of the head and ends at the front corners is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER Bang area An abundant and important element classified as a universal solvent is: - CORRECT ANSWER Water How will an alkaline shampoo, with a high pH, leave the hair feeling? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry, brittle, and more porous and cause fading in color treated hair Freshwater from lakes and streams is purified by the processes of sedimentation and: - CORRECT ANSWER Filtration Water that contains certain minerals that lessen the ability of shampoo to lather readily is: - CORRECT ANSWER Hard water The second ingredient that most shampoos have in common is the primary surfactant or: - CORRECT ANSWER Base detergent An acid-balanced shampoo has a pH in the range of: - CORRECT ANSWER 4.5 to 5.5 Shampoos that are recommended for use on color-treated or lightened hair are: - CORRECT ANSWER Acid-balanced Shampoos with an acidic ingredient used to remove product buildup on hair are: - CORRECT ANSWER Clarifying shampoos Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture are: - CORRECT ANSWER Humectants A product that slightly increases the diameter of the hair with a coating action, adding body to the hair, is: - CORRECT ANSWER Protein conditioner The most highly recommended hairbrushes are those made from: - CORRECT ANSWER Natural Bristles To avoid physical problems during the shampoo, the correct posture is to: - CORRECT ANSWER Keep shoulders back, abdomen in A scalp treatment used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the hair or scalp should contain: - CORRECT ANSWER Moisturizers and emollient ingredients High-frequency current should never be used when the hair is treated with tonics that contain: - CORRECT ANSWER Alcohol Dandruff is the result of a fungus called: - CORRECT ANSWER Malassezia Alcohol-based antidandruff lotions and tonics should not be used in conjunction with: - CORRECT ANSWER Infrared lamps The widest part of the head, also known as the crest area, is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal Ridge The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Occipital bone The highest point at the top of the head is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Apex The reference point that signals a change in head shape from flat to round or vice versa is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Four corners A thin continuous mark that is used throughout a haircut is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER Line The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Angle The haircutting technique using diagonal lines to create fullness and blend long layers into short layers is: - CORRECT ANSWER Beveling The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held while cutting is: - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation The angle at which the fingers are held when performing a haircut is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cutting line The guideline used when creating layers or a graduated cut is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Traveling guideline The technique of combing hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head toward a guideline, is: - CORRECT ANSWER Over-direction For a client with a long face, the stylist would recommend a style that: - CORRECT ANSWER Adds fullness on the sides to add width To compensate for shrinkage associated with curly hair, the stylist should allow for shrinkage of: - CORRECT ANSWER 1/2 inch to 2 inches A small haircutting tool used to create crisp outlines is a: - CORRECT ANSWER trimmer The haircutting tool used for close tapers in the scissors-over-comb technique is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Barber comb The technique where the comb and shears are held closed in the dominant hand at the same time is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Palming the shears A haircutting tool used for detailing and texturizing or an entire haircut is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Straight razor In cutting uniform or increasing layers, the hand position most often used is cutting: - CORRECT ANSWER Over the fingers A haircutting technique that maintains control of a subsection with regard to elevations and over-direction is: - CORRECT ANSWER Cutting palm to palm When cutting below the finger, to prevent cutting the soft and fleshy part of the finger, avoid cutting past: - CORRECT ANSWER The second knuckle In a graduated haircut, the most common elevation used is: - CORRECT ANSWER 45 degrees The area of the head that has the most irregular growth patterns is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Crown The term used to describe how hair is moved over the head is: - CORRECT ANSWER Natural distribution The scissors-over-comb technique uses the comb to hold the hair in place and allows cutting from: - CORRECT ANSWER Extremely short to longer lengths When performing the notching technique of texturizing with shears, the tips of the shears should be held: - CORRECT ANSWER 2 inches from the ends A tool attached to clippers that cuts the hair to the exact length is: - CORRECT ANSWER Length guard attachment Cutting hair at the same length consistently, using a 90 degree elevation, produces a: - CORRECT ANSWER Uniform layer In creating horizontal finger waves, the waves are placed: - CORRECT ANSWER Sideways and parallel around the head The part of a pin curl that gives the curl its direction and movement is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Stem *Pin curls that produce tight, firm, long-lasting curls and allow for minimum mobility are no-stem pin curls Smooth waves and uniform curls are produced by: - CORRECT ANSWER Open center curls Pin curl bases are referred to as rectangular, triangular, square, or: - CORRECT ANSWER Arc-based *Triangular base pin curls are used along the front or facial hairline to prevent breaks or splits. Creating tension by forcing hair between the thumb and back of a comb when making pin curls is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Ribboning Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are: - CORRECT ANSWER Carved curls Two rows of ridge curls placed on the side of a head are: - CORRECT ANSWER Skip waves Pin curls that allow the hair to flow upward and downward are called stand-up curls or: - CORRECT ANSWER Cascade curls Barrel curls are similar to a roller, but do not have the same: - CORRECT ANSWER Base Hair between the scalp and the first turn of a roller is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Stem For a roller set where little or no volume is required, the rollers should be placed: - CORRECT ANSWER Off-base The point where curls of opposite directions meet forming a recessed area is: - CORRECT ANSWER Indentation The metal edge of roller clips placed at an angle against the hair can cause: - CORRECT ANSWER Hair breakage Combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp creating a cushion or base is: - CORRECT ANSWER Back-combing An ideal brush for blow-drying fine hair quickly and adding lift to the scalp area is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Paddle brush The basic parts of a thermal iron are the rod handle, shell handle, and: - CORRECT ANSWER barrel and shell A technique used to temporarily straighten extremely curly or unruly hair until the hair is shampooed is: - CORRECT ANSWER Hair pressing Applying a thermal pressing comb through the hair twice on each side to remove curl is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Hard press To prevent the smoking or burning off of hair during the pressing treatment, avoid: - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive pressing oil When executing an updo, always inspect the shape you are building from every angle to determine: - CORRECT ANSWER Balance and proportion A method of curling hair by winding a strand around a rod is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Spiral curl In African tribes, braids have been known to distinguish one's ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Social status When referring to braiding or other natural hairstyling, the term texture refers to the diameter of the hair, the wave pattern of the hair, and the __________ of the hair. - CORRECT ANSWER Feel With regard to wave pattern a coil is a very tight curl pattern that is spiral in formation and, when lengthened or stretched, resembles a series of ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Loops Create styles that are full around the forehead or jawline to help create a more oval appearance for the ___________ facial shape. - CORRECT ANSWER Diamond The goal for the ___________ face shape is to minimize the width of the forehead by styling with partial bangs or wisps of hair/braids that frame the face. - CORRECT ANSWER Inverted triangle A natural hairbrush, also known as a ________ ___________ _________ is best for stimulating the scalp as well as removing dirt and lint from locks. - CORRECT ANSWER Boar-bristle brush The tool that dries the hair without disturbing the finished look and without removing moisture is called a ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER Diffuser A board make of fine, upright nails through which human hair extensions are combed is called a ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Hackle A manufactured synthetic fiber of excellent quality that has a texture similar to curly or coiled hair is called ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER Kanekalon A beautiful wool fiber imported form Africa that has a matte finish and comes only in black and brown is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Lin A strong fiber that comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and Central Asia is: - CORRECT ANSWER Yak The visible braid is a three-strand braid that employs the _____________ technique, in which stands of hair are woven under the center strand. - CORRECT ANSWER Underhand Single braids, box braids, and individual braids are all considered to be ___________ braids, with or without extensions, that can be extended with either an underhand or overhand stitch. - CORRECT ANSWER Free-hanging The method of placing the comb at the bas of the scalp and, with a rotating motion, spiraling the hair into a curl is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER comb technique What is the fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair is synthetic is to: - CORRECT ANSWER Burn it with a match Synthetic wigs are particularly durable when made out of what material? - CORRECT ANSWER Polyester The root ends of hair with the cuticle place in the same direction to prevent tangling is: - CORRECT ANSWER Turned hair A hand-knotted wig constructed for a secure fit with an elasticized mesh fiber base is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Cap wig The hand-tied method of wig construction resembles actual hair growth with: - CORRECT ANSWER Flexibility at the root area A head-shaped form used for securing a wig is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Block *When mounting a wig to a block, the wig should be pinned evenly using T-shaped pins. When cutting a wig using a free-form method, move from longer to shorter lengths, working toward the: - CORRECT ANSWER Weight When shampooing a wig, avoid shampoos that have a: - CORRECT ANSWER Sulfur base Synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized using: - CORRECT ANSWER 70 colors on the haircolor ring Hairpieces with base openings that allow a client's hair to be pulled and blended are: - CORRECT ANSWER Integration hairpieces The sewing stitch where the thread is wound around the needle twice is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Double-lock stitch Attaching hair wefts or single strands with an adhesive or glue is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Bonding method The fusion method of extensions requires that the bonding material be activated with - CORRECT ANSWER Heat from a special tool *The fusion procedure involves wrapping both the client's hair and a keratin-based strip. In choosing hair color for a client, a determining factor is the hair: - CORRECT ANSWER Structure Hair color applied to fine hair may look: - CORRECT ANSWER Darker Hair-coloring services on coarse-textured hair may take: - CORRECT ANSWER Longer to process The predominant melanin that gives black or brown color to hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER Eumelanin Pigment that lies under the natural hair color is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Contributing pigment What system is used by colorists to analyze the lightness or darkness of hair color? - CORRECT ANSWER The level system *Hair color levels are arranges on a scale from 1 to 10 Colors that we see are contained in the: - CORRECT ANSWER Visible light spectrum Artificial hair colors are developed from the primary and secondary colors that form: - CORRECT ANSWER Base colors A system that is used to understand color relationships is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Law of color A primary and secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are: - CORRECT ANSWER Complementary colors *Complementary colors are used in color formulation to neutralize each other. The process of diffusing natural color pigment or artificial color from the hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER Hair lightening *A hair-lightening process occurs when the alkaline peroxide breaks up the melanin. Semipermanent hair color on average should last: - CORRECT ANSWER 4 to 6 weeks Hair-coloring that penetrates the hair shaft and is formulated to deposit but not lift color is: - CORRECT ANSWER Demipermanent hair color Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger tint molecules are: - CORRECT ANSWER Aniline derivatives Hair-coloring products that change hair color by creating a progressive buildup contain: - CORRECT ANSWER Metallic colors Lighteners are chemical compounds that lighten natural hair pigment by dispersing, dissolving, and: - CORRECT ANSWER Decolorizing *During the decolorization process, natural hair can go through as many as 10 stages. Toners are used to achieve pale, delicate colors and are applied to create the correct degree of: - CORRECT ANSWER Contributing pigment The test required by the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to determine client allergies or sensitivities is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Predisposition test What are the three forms of hair lighteners? - CORRECT ANSWER oil, powder, and cream *Cream lighteners are formulated to be used on the scalp An oxidizer added to hydrogen peroxide to increase its lifting power action is an: - CORRECT ANSWER Activator When coloring for a client with 80 to 100 percent gray, the color levels that provide the best coverage are: - CORRECT ANSWER Level 7 and darker To cover unpigmented hair in a salt-and-pepper client, the color formulation should be: - CORRECT ANSWER Two levels lighter than the natural level Pretreating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration is: - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-softening Preparations designed to equal porosity and deposit a base color in one application are: - CORRECT ANSWER Fillers The percentage of skin aging that is caused by the rays of the sun is approximately: - CORRECT ANSWER 80 to 85 percent The UVA rays that are deep-penetrating and can go through a glass window are: - CORRECT ANSWER Aging rays The American Cancer Society checklist used to recognize skin cancer is: - CORRECT ANSWER asymmetry, border, color, diameter A small circumscribed elevation of the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Papule An abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells and varying in size, shape, and color is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Tumor Any thin plate of dry or oily epidermal flakes in the scalp area is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER Scales A chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation of the sebaceous glands is: - CORRECT ANSWER Acne An inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by dry or oily crusting or itchiness is: - CORRECT ANSWER Seborrheic dermatitis A dry, scaly skin condition due to a deficiency or absence of sebum caused by old age or exposure to the cold is: - CORRECT ANSWER Asteatosis A disorder of the sweat gland caused by excessive exposure to the heat is: - CORRECT ANSWER Miliaria rubra The medical term for abnormal skin inflammation is: - CORRECT ANSWER Dermatitis The chemicals released by the immune system to enlarge the vessels around an injury are: - CORRECT ANSWER Histamines Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape is a: - CORRECT ANSWER Stain The most common type of skin cancer characterized by light or pearly nodules is: - CORRECT ANSWER Basal cell carcinoma