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Summary Period 3 Elements Oxides Reacting With Water
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What elements are in Period 3? (8)
Answer: - Na = Sodium - Mg = Magnesium - Al = Aluminium - Si = Silicon - P = Phosphorus - S = Sulfur - Cl = Chlorine - Ar = Argon
2.
Trend = Atomic Radius
Answer: As you go across Period 3, the atomic radius decreases. 1) Nuclear charge increases 2) Shielding stays (relatively) the same 3) So elements further across the period have stronger forces of attraction between their nucleus and their electrons
3.
Trend = Melting Point (Na, Mg & Al)
Answer: As you go across Period 3, the melting point increases (until silicon). They contain metallic bonding, so there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons
4.
Trend = Melting Point (Si, P & S)
Answer: As you go across Period 3, the melting point increases (until silicon). They contain weak intermolecular forces between their molecules as they are simple covalent molecules. So the weak Van der Waals forces require much less energy to overcome them.
5.
Period 3 Oxides Formation Equations & Observations (Na, Mg & Al)
Answer: 1) 4Na (s) + O2 (g) ---= 2Na2O (s) Observation = vigorous reaction with a yellow flame 2) 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) ---= 2MgO (s) Observation = vigorous reaction with a brilliant, white flame 3) 4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) ---= 2Al2O3 (s) Observation = fast reaction with brilliant, white flame
6.
Period 3 Oxides Formation Equations & Observation (Si, P & S)
Answer: 1) Si (s) + O2 (g) ---= SiO2 (s) Observation = slow reaction with bright, white sparkles 2) 4P (s) +5O2 (g) ---= P4O10 (s) Observation = vigorous reaction with yellow/white flame 3) S (s) + O2 (g) ---= SO2 (g) Observation = gentle reaction with blue flame 4) 2S (s) + 3O2 (g) ---= 2SO3 (g) Observation = gentle reaction with blue flame
7.
Period 3 Oxides Structures
Answer: 1) Ionic Oxides - Na2O, MgO & Al2O3 form ionic lattices 2) Giant Covalent // Macromolecular - SiO2 = forms a giant covalent structure (similar to diamond) 3) Simple Covalent // Molecular Structure - P4O10, SO2 & SO3 = form small molecules containing covalent bonds
8.
Period 3 Oxides Reacting With Water & pH expected
Answer: 1) Na2O + H20 ---= 2NaOH pH = 13-14 2) MgO + H2O ---= Mg(OH)2 pH = 9-10 3) Al2O3 & SiO2 are insoluble 4) P4O10 + 6H2O ---= 4H3PO4 pH = 0 5) SO2 + H2O ---= H2SO3 pH = 3 6) SO3 + H2O ---= H2SO4 pH = 0
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