Fundamentals of HVACR Second Edition | Answers to End of Unit Questions | Latest exam Questions with Correct Answers

UNIT 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY 1-1) List some of the different ways that homes and buildings may be heated. Wood, gas, oil, electric, solar, heat pumps, and geothermal heating systems are used. 1-2) What were some of the primary heating fuels that early civilizations used? Wood, peat, and coal remained the primary heating fuels for centuries. 1-3) When is it believed that ice was first artificially made for food storage? First evidence of man making ice appeared more than 3,000 years ago, about 1000 B. C. 1-4) How did early man make ice? The ice was produced in shallow clay plates, about the size of a saucer. The water in these clay plates wept through the clay. This water dampened the small straw mats holding the clay plates in racks a few feet above the ground. The straw aided with evaporative cooling of the water. Under the right conditions a thin film of ice would form overnight on each clay plate. 1-5) Why did some manufacturers spray water in factories in the early 1700’s? Some manufacturers sprayed water in factories for cooling. 1-6) How did early Romans cool palaces? The Romans packed ice and snow between double walls in the emperor’s palaces. 1-7) What do the terms environmental heating and air conditioning refer to? Primarily to the control of a space’s air temperature. 1-8) What do the terms process heated and cooled refer to? They are used to aid in manufacturing or to keep equipment at the desired temperature. 1-9) When did central warm air systems for residential and commercial applications become well defined? In 1908 the essential elements for heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying and filtering air were defined. 1-10) Who developed what is referred to as modern air conditioning? Willis Carrier is often credited with the development of modern air conditioning. 1-11) When did mass air conditioning of homes with window units begin? 1950s 2 1-12) Why is it important to freeze foods quickly? The problem with freezing food slowly is that when ice crystals form over time, they become much larger. These large sharp ice crystals grow through the cell walls of the food; and when the food thaws, all of the nutrients in the food are allowed to drain away. 1-13) Why do some businesses and/or local and state governments require criminal background checks for HVACR workers? To protect the public from potentially dangerous individuals involved with inhome service work. 1-14) What size range might a commercial air conditioner fit into? Systems may be as small as a fraction of a ton in size to several thousand tons in cooling capacity. 1-15) Give an example of some of the types of equipment that a commercial refrigeration technician might work on. Examples of commercial equipment and systems include refrigeration equipment found in supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants, and other food service establishments. 1-16) What type of things might an entry-level helper do? Assist with the installation and service of residential and commercial systems, assist in lifting, carrying, or placing equipment or components and also run errands to pick up parts and clean up the area following installation or service. 1-17) Whose job is it to do the initial installation process such as install the refrigerant lines, electrical lines, thermostat and control lines, duct boots and duct run, as well as setting the indoor and outdoor units? Rough-in Installer 1-18) What skills must a service technician have? Diagnose system problems and make the necessary repairs. Service technicians must be skilled in diagnosing electrical problems, refrigerant problems, and air distribution problems. 1-19) What are some of the things that a service manager must be able to do? They must have good management skills, communication skills, and technical expertise. 1-20) What is the ICE exam, and who might take it? It is the industrial competency exam. This test is made available to students of educational institutions to test their knowledge of fundamental and basic skills necessary for entry-level HVACR technician positions. 3 1-21) What are some of the RSES’s activities? It is concerned with the education of technicians and service managers and with business improvement techniques. 4 UNIT 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY 2-1) List three student organization clubs. ACCA’s student club, RSES student club, and ASHRAE’s student club 2-2) What does RSES stand for? Refrigeration Service Engineers Society 2-3) What does ACCA stand for? Air Conditioning Contractors of America 2-4) What does AHRI stand for? Air-Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute 2-5) What does ASHRAE stand for? American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 2-6) What does NATE stand for? North American Technical Excellence 2-7) What section of the EPA regulations requires technician certification? EPA section 608 2-8) The _____________ exam has been developed over the years with input from manufacturers, trade associations, instructors, and other industry experts. Industry Competency Exam (ICE) 2-9) What is the name of the vocational industrial club for students in high schools, trade schools, and community colleges? Skills USA 2-10) What organization was founded in the late 1990s by a group of air conditioning educators, counselors, and administrators responsible for the various aspects of HVACR training? Council of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Educators (CARE) 2-11) List the seven specialty areas for the NATE service technician certification program. Air conditioning, air distribution, gas heating, heat pumps, oil heating, hydronics gas service, hydronics oil service 2-12) The core exam for the NATE certification program covers what topics? The core test covers basic math, customer relations, comfort, heat transfer, and fundamentals of electricity. 2-13) What is the difference between a code and a standard? 5 Codes often carry with them the force of law and standards do not. 2-14) What precaution should be taken if you find that during the course of the day your uniform becomes soiled? Carry an extra clean shirt in the service van that you can change if necessary. 2-15) When might it be necessary for you to use a drop cloth? When working on an indoor furnace or below a pull down stair casing leading to the attic. 2-16) When making a repair, what information should you relay to the customer? Tell the customer what failed, why it failed, and the options to fix the problem. 2-17) If you locate an additional problem or pending problem with a customer's system and they choose not to have you provide that repair, what should you do? Note that on the customer's invoice as part of your service call record keeping. 2-18) What is one of the primary complaints that customers have regarding service calls? Punctuality! 2-19) Why are many common drinks, such as sodas, not adequate for your protection against heat stress injury? Because they do not replace the body’s electrolytes 2-20) When would it be appropriate to tell the customer that the previous technician messed up their system when performing the last service call? Never! 6 UNIT 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY 3-1) Tell what causes accidents and how they can be eliminated on the job site. Most accidents are caused by carelessness, as well as lack of awareness of proper safety procedures. Accidents can be virtually eliminated by good working habits, good tools, and being vigilant to potential hazards. 3-2) What is PPE? Personal Protection Equipment are devices to protect your head, face, eyes, ears, respiratory, hands, and feet. 3-3) Discuss ladder safety. Only use CSA or ANSI-approved ladders. Maintain ladders in good condition. Inspect ladders before each use and discard ladders needing frequent repairs or showing signs of deterioration. All portable ladders must have no slip feet. Place ladders on a firm footing, no farther out from the wall than one quarter of the height required. Ladders must be tied, blocked, or otherwise secured at the point where the ladder meets the building to prevent them from slipping sideways. Never overload a ladder. Follow the maximum carrying capacity of the ladder, including the person and equipment. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sets the standard for ladders. Only one person should be on a ladder, unless the ladder is designed to carry more people. Follow maximum load rating. Never use a broken ladder. Never place a ladder for use, on top of scaffolding. Always face the ladder and use both hands when climbing or descending a ladder. Use fiberglass or wood ladders when doing any work around electrical lines. Ladders should be long enough so you can perform the work comfortably, without leaning or having to go beyond the two rungs below the top rung safety barrier. Stepladders should only be used in their fully open positions. 3-4) Discuss scaffold safety. Scaffolds must be supported by solid footings. A scaffold having a height exceeding three times its base dimension must be secured to the structure. When rolling scaffolds are used, the wheels must be locked when there are workers on the scaffold. No worker is to remain on the scaffold while it is being moved. All equipment should also be removed before moving a scaffold. Access to the work platform must be a fixed vertical ladder or other approved means. 3-5) What is the difference between fall prevention equipment and fall arresting equipment? In fall prevention a worker is prevented from getting into a situation where a fall can occur. In fall arresting the worker must wear a safety harness attached to a securely anchored lanyard, which will limit the fall to a safe distance above impact. 7 3-6) Describe how cold can cause a burn on skin. When you touch something that is extremely cold, your body heat is drawn out so quickly that your own body’s heat causes the surface of your skin to burn and blister. 3-7) List harmful respiratory substances. Harmful respiratory substances are, dust, asbestos, carbon monoxide, refrigerants, resins, adhesives, and solvents. 3-8) Explain some of the dangers of refrigerants. They can replace the oxygen in the air. Even the so-called safe refrigerants can produce a poisonous phosgene gas when heated to high temperatures. Refrigerants sprayed on any part of the body can quickly freeze tissue. 3-9) Explain what material appears on all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). The name of the product, manufacturer's name and address, hazardous ingredients/identity information, hazardous material identification system information, physical/chemical characteristics, fire and explosion hazard data 3-10) Discuss how to safely use hand tools. Keep all hand tools sharp, clean, and in safe working order. Defective tools should be repaired or replaced. Use correct, proper fitting wrenches for nuts, bolts, and objects to be turned or held. Do not work in the dark; use plenty of light. Do not leave tools on the floor. 3-11) Discuss how to safely use power tools. Only use power tools that are properly grounded. Stand on dry nonconductive surfaces when using electrical tools. Use only properly sized electrical cords in good condition with a GFI or GFCI. Turn on the power only after checking to see that there is no obstruction to proper operation. Disconnect the power from an electrical tool (or motor) before performing any maintenance. Disconnect the power supply when equipment is not in use. 3-12) Discuss how to practice safety in the shop. Keep the shop or laboratory floor clear of scraps, litter, and spilled liquid. Store oily shop towels or oily waste in metal containers in an open, airy place. Clean the chips from a machine with a brush; do not use a towel, bare hands, or compressed air. Keep safety glasses and gloves in a prominent location adjacent to machinery used for grinding, buffing, or hammering and where material with sharp edges is handled. Establish cleaning periods. Make sure everyone is clear when using compressed air to clean. 3-13) List four types of fire extinguishers. Class A extinguishers, class B extinguishers, class C extinguishers, class D extinguishers 8 3-14) Tell how to safely lift heavy objects. Bend your knees and pick up the object, keeping your back straight up. Gradually lift the weight using your leg muscles, continuing to keep your back vertical. 3-15) Discuss safe welding cylinder practices. To prevent possible damage to the valves and regulators on oxygen and acetylene cylinders they should be securely attached to a frame or cart when they are in use. 3-16) Discuss electrical safety rules. Check all circuits for voltage before doing any service work. Tag and lock out all electrical disconnects when working on live circuits. Stand on dry nonconductive surfaces when working on live circuits. Work on live circuits only when absolutely necessary. Never bypass an electrical protective device. Properly fuse all electrical lines. Properly insulate all electrical wiring. Use properly insulated tools. Inspect the insulated areas of the tools before use to insure there are no nicks. 3-17) When a refrigerant cylinder needs to be warmed, how should it be done? Place the cylinder in a warm bath of water (not to exceed 125ºF) or place the cylinder in the warm discharge air from the condenser fan. 3-18) How should used refrigerants and refrigerant oils be disposed of? They must be taken to a state or locally approved recycler that specializes in used refrigerants and used refrigerant oils. 3-19) Discuss refrigerant system safety. Never use oxygen or acetylene to pressurize a system. Oil that is in the system will not mix with oxygen or acetylene and may cause an explosion. Use dry nitrogen or carbon dioxide from a tank properly fitted with a pressure regulator. When isolating a section of piping or component of a system, exercise caution to prevent damage and potential hazard from liquid expansion. Always charge refrigerant vapor into the low side of the system. Liquid refrigerant entering the compressor could damage the compressor or cause it to burst. Never service a refrigeration system where an open flame is present. The flame must be enclosed and vented outdoors. If a fluorocarbon refrigerant comes in contact with intense heat, it can produce poisonous phosgene gas. 3-20) List three major hazards of pressure vessels. The blast from the sudden explosion can cause serious internal injury. The pressurized liquid can cause severe burns. Fragments of metal thrown from the exploding vessel can cause lacerations and punctures. 3-21) Discuss how a technician’s driving record can affect his employability. Your driving record will affect the insurance rate the company must pay. 9 3-22) Tell what steps should be followed in case of an accident. If the injuries appear to be serious, call 911 or your local emergency number. First aid should be administered, if needed, only by those qualified to do so. All accidents, injuries, and illnesses should be reported to your boss or supervisor no matter how minor the injuries may seem. An accident report form should be filled out and turned in to your company office. An investigation of the accident may be done to determine the cause of the accident. Clean up the area before resuming