Paper 2 Researching and understanding social inequalities : a summary of the theories of the various perspectives (on social inequalities) as well as the types of studies, methods, the research process, sampling methods, positivism, interpretivism and PET (practical, ethical, theoretical)
Research Methods
Key words :
Validity : 100% Anonymity Control
Reliability : can be Confidentiality Honesty
retested Cheap Response rate
Objective / value free Readily Available Demand characteristics
Generalisable Up-to-date Gatekeeper : someone
Representative Bias who gives the
Vertsehen : empathy, Imposition problem : what the researcher researcher access to
rapport thinks is important their target
Pilot study
➔ a small-scale preliminary study
Ethnography
➔ the study of a culture, a group or human behaviour
Longitudinal Survey
➔ Studying over a long period of time
Structured Interviews
➔ Where an interviewer reads from a list of questions
Group interviews
➔ Talking to a group or panel of people, often used for children
Focus Groups Interviews
➔ Relies on the dynamic of the group to talk to each other
Official statistical data
➔ Collected by the government
, Unofficial statistical data
➔ Secondary sources of data such as personal, public + historical
documents
Social Surveys
➔ Obtained through questionnaires or structured Interviews
Closed questionnaires
➔ The responses is fixed by the researcher + respondent has to
choose an answer
Open questionnaires
➔ Respondent responds in their own words + has choice
Content analysis
➔ Dealing systematically with media documents
Thematic analysis
➔ Study of the signs and symbols
Non-Participant / Direct Observation
➔ Researcher blatantly sitting and watching
Participant Observation
➔ Sociologist immerse themselves in the lifestyle of the group they
are studying
Overt Observation
➔ The researcher joins in the activities AND IS KNOWN
Covert Observation
➔ The researcher joins in the activities BUT IS CONCEALED
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