Concise and easy to access notes on the anatomy of the cardiovascular system for first year dental students.
Covers the heart surfaces, pericardium, atria, ventricles, heart valves, coronary blood vessels, electrical conduction and blood vessels.
Positioning of the Heart
• Mediastinum: central/midline portion of
thoracic cavity
• Anterior Mediastinum: between heart &
sternum
• Superior Mediastinum: terminates at superior
thoracic aperture
• Inferior Mediastinum: terminates at
diaphragm
• Posterior Mediastinum: between heart &
vertebral column
• Apex: points towards 5th left intercostal space
in mid-clavicular line
Heart Surfaces
• Sternocostal (anterior) = right
ventricle
• Base (posterior) = mostly left atrium +
partly right atrium
• Diaphragmatic (inferior) = mostly left
ventricle + partly right ventricle
• Left Pulmonary = left ventricle
• Right Pulmonary = right atrium
, Pericardium
Pericardium
• Double-layered membrane surrounding heart
• Fibrous Pericardium: tough, elastic, external layer connected to sternum by
sternopericardial ligament
• Serous Pericardium: thin, inner layer, divided into 2 layers
o Parietal Layer (outer): fused to fibrous pericardium
o Visceral Layer (inner): attached to heart surface (forms epicardium)
• Attached to diaphragm, sternum & outer layer of great vessels
• Prevents heart from increasing in size too rapidly
Pericardial Cavity
• Between parietal & visceral
layers of serous pericardium
• Contains lubricating serous
fluid, which minimises
friction
Pericardial Sinuses
• Transverse Sinus: between
aorta / pulmonary artery /
vena cava
• Oblique Sinus: posterior,
behind left atrium
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