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Lecture notes

Bioscience

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This covers basic DNA structure and DNA replication stages

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  • August 5, 2021
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Unknown
  • All classes
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aaliswalker
Bioscience
Nucleolus :




Nuclear envelope : Nuclear pores : Nucleoplusm

-

Outer membrane
-
out - mRNA -
Nucleolus :
-
Chromatin :
in nude tides ☐ RNA synthesis
Innermembrane
-
-
-


☐ , ,,swne,

0 Subunits (proteins )
ODNAA
-


Ribosomes

µ



Heterochromatin




FEET


- nuclear pore



#
chromatin -

highly condensed
-
nutranscriph.vn

"" "
☐ Euchromatin

nucleoplasm -
loose chromatin

-
transcription

nuclear o cell replication -
chromosomes
envelope




⇐ÉÉ É:÷
☐ Octamer


• 1- -
H2A , H2B , -113,11-4 (✗2) proteins
phosphodiester bond

(
'

'
5 -3 +
Histone o
lysine toe charge

:*
.


backbone
nucleotide ✗ many -_
'
HI tinker Protein
+
on-ryiningt.ve charge
=



nucleic acid -
mosttue charge
OCPG Islands control gene expression via


methylation and acetylation
t
ANTI -
parallel Fighters relaxes




NITROGENOUS BASE : PENTOSE SUGAR : NUCLEOTIDE :




puosphate@ctty_oy_5-Buse-sh-uanineg.ro
Adenine ,
→ ☒ y

purine ° RIBOSE
up


""
0
Deoxyribose 1-
-79" I
OH

pyrimidine pentose sugar
→ uracil

→ Thymine

" -
bonds


A T

G- = C
PHARMACOLOGY


PURINE / PYRIMIDIN INHIBITOR :

Drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis
☐ Antimetabolite, º Antimetabolites
- e.g 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine
-
5
, fluorouracil - inhibits nucleic acid base synthesis
- methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing folate
6 , mecapwpurine
cycling
-




- 5fluorouracil forms an inhibitor of thymidyate synthase
-
methotrexate - so methotrexate and 5FU inhibit pyrimidine synthesis
- methotrexate also inhibits purine synthesis
- 6mercaptopurine forms an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenation/
deamination, inhibits Purim synthesis
- therefore inhibiting DNA synthesis




:

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