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GNUR 294 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE (INFORMATIVE & RATED 100%) | Loyola University Chicago
GNUR 294 EXAM III 
 
Autonomic Nervous System 
•	Focus on the sympathetic nervous system 
•	PNS does the opposite of the SNS 
•	Adrenergic- adrenaline 
•	Norepinephrine 
•	Helps to bind with these receptors and make a response in the system 
•	Alpha receptors and beta receptors 
•	Almost al the drugs (from a cardiovascular standpoint) will effect these receptors i.e. beta 2- adrenergic agonists 
•	Sympathetic- fight or flight 
•	All of these things that occur when NE is relea...
GNUR 294 EXAM III 
 
Nursing Application- Adrenergic Agonists 
•	Monitor frequently of VS, urinary and cardiac output as appropriate, especially if IV used 
•	Assess for adverse and report adverse effects: tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias, tremors, dysrhythmias, tremors, dizziness, headache, or decrease UO. Severe HTN, seizures or angina may signal drug toxicity report immediately 
•	Raising the head of the bed during dyspnea will supplement therapeutic drug effects and optimize the outcome...
GNUR 294 EXAM III 
 
Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidemia 
•	Lipids are the culprit that help increase the levels of plaque inside the walls 
•	Three types of lipids that the drugs are going to effect 
•	LDL- “bad”, forms the plaque in the vessel walls 
•	HDL- remove LDL from the bloodstream to be metabolized by the liver 
•	Want LDL levels to be low, HDL to be high, the higher the better because the lower LDL 
•	VLDLs- triglycerides, they are closely tied to carbohydrate metabolism...
Case Study Exam III 
 
•	Probably has a lot of stress due to work because he owns his own store, higher level of stress than someone that works a regular job. Also works with wife who works in score, and might not eat the healthiest. 
•	PMH is positive for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a MI three years ago followed by four-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery. The patient has been asymptomatic since surgery with no complaints for chest pain 
o	No chest pain good because he is perfusing,...
GNUR 294 EXAM IV 
 
Pharmacology of Coagulation Disorders 
•	Affects the clotting factors- anticoagulants 
•	Prevent platelets aggregation, doesn’t change number of platelets- antiplatelet 
•	Breaks down clot formation- thrombolytic drugs 
•	Anticoagulants & Antiplatelets don’t break down clots 
•	Drugs are geared towards one of these processes 
•	A normal response 
•	When you damage blood vessels, and there is injury the first thing to control hemodynamics and homeostasis, t...
GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM 
 
Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease 
•	Builds up these plaques and deposited between the nerve cells 
•	When between the nerve cells cannot transmit nerve signals 
•	Develop mainly in the area in which you learn and retain new information 
•	Long term memory can stay intact, but the ability to learn new information is affected 
•	The nerve fibers and cells become tangled 
•	Begins slowly, the patient is aware that they are losing memory 
•	We know what...
Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases 
•	Talking about bacterial infections, most prominent 
•	Antibiotics 
•	They don’t affect viral infections at all 
•	They best most effective approach is prevention i.e. hand washing 
•	Patients may allergies, pregnant, some host factors that will come into play 
•	Antibiotic resistance- acquired, becoming a major proble clinical settings 
•	Organisms to become resistance to the drugs 
•	Bacteria can build up a defense i.e. MRS, VRE, MDRO...
GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM 
 
Pharmacotherapy of Non-HIV Viral Infections 
•	Viruses differ from bacteria in the sense they are compromised of a few molecules 
•	Intracellular parasites, present in many places, some very lethal, some can co-exist 
•	The issue with viruses that make them so difficult is because they used the host cell, they are very difficult to kill 
•	Anti-viral drugs are the least effective 
•	Mutate very rapidly, resistance develops because antiviral medication is geared...
GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM 
 
Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System: Diabetes & Thyroid Disorders 
•	In terms of a patient with diabetes we know that it’s a disorder of normal carbohydrate metabolism 
•	Cells rely on glucose for ATP and energy production 
•	Two organs that keep glucose levels within normal range 
•	Pancreas and liver 
•	Beta cell produces-insulin 
•	Alpha- glucagon 
•	Drives the glucose from the bloodstream into the cells to use and then rest goes to liver to be st...