GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM- Pharmacotherapy of Edocrine System ( RATED 100% ) : Loyola University Chicago

GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System: Diabetes & Thyroid Disorders • In terms of a patient with diabetes we know that it’s a disorder of normal carbohydrate metabolism • Cells rely on glucose for ATP and energy production • Two organs that keep glucose levels within normal range • Pancreas and liver • Beta cell produces-insulin • Alpha- glucagon • Drives the glucose from the bloodstream into the cells to use and then rest goes to liver to be stored as glycogen • 60-100 mg/dL • If there’s an issue we may see some abnormalities • Pancreas has impaired insulin secretion, too much glucose absorbed • The cells decrease their uptake of glucose because they become resistant • Type I diabetes is an absolute lack of insulin • Problem organ is pancreas • Beta cells become destroyed • Not 100% sure why this happens • Probably a combination of genetics, some autoimmune process, and maybe environmental exposure, all together in destruction • Glucose cannot get into cells for metabolism, the cells use fatty acids and proteins break those down, and use that instead of energy and results in substance called a ketone which is acidotic, the patient also has to have exogenous insulin administered to them