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• List ways in which bacteria and viruses are different? Are there ways that they are similar? Similarities Differences Both can cause disease Bacteria are unicellular living organism WHILE virus are non-living and have no cells Both do not have a nuclei Bacteria are larger in size(1000nm) while viruses are small (20-400nm) Both can be spread by contact with contaminated people or items Bacteria reproduces by binary fission while viruses reproduce by invading a host cell and copying the DN...

HONDROS NUR 176 EXAM BUNDLE HONDROS NUR 176 EXAM BUNDLE

Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body function. What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces (trauma, burns, radiation), chemical agents (poisons, alcohol), one’s genetic inheritance, and nutritional excesses or deficiencies. Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. Risk factors can be categorized a...

A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. - answerFalse Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia - answerfalse hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells - answerTrue Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy - answerTrue proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease - answersensitivity how likely the same result will occur if repeated - answerreliability how a tool...

True/False: Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? - answerFalse, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or reoccurrence. What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and histology? - answertissue biopsy Explain the TNM system: - answerT is the size and local spread of the primary tumor. N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes. M is the extent of the metastatic involvement...

True/False: Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia. - true True/False: Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia. - false (Barrett's esophagus is METAplasia) True/False: Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer. - true True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - true Match definitions for: sensitivity, reliability, validity, specificity - Sensitivity: proportion of people WITH a disease that test positive for the disease Reli...

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis - -elevated blood count -severe RLQ pain -Rovings Sign -low BP -fever Signs and symptoms of DVT - -pain (priority) -redness and tenderness in calf -pain with breathing (sign of PE REPORT IMMEDIATELY) AFIB discharge teaching - Coumadin depends on pt/INR Sickle Cell crisis - -SOB, pain -give pain meds and oxygen therapy Patient has SOB and chest pain - EKG immediately pernicious anemia - -b12 deficiency -report dyspnea to RN immediately ...

You have a patient that comes to the ER blood sugar 602, breathing deeply, ketos in their urine. What would you think the next test be? - Blood Gases you want to see if they have DKA Your giving insulin. Can you mix Novolin R and Novolin N? - No, they have to go into separate syringes, one is long and one is short When your drawling up insulin what do you have to do first? - Put air in the cloudy first You're working in a long term care facility. Report from the night shift nurse tha...

The day before your patient has present varicella blister they are? - The most contagious What manifestation comes before the blisters when having a shingles flare up? - Fever, this is the most contagious stage on shingles Dermaitis - inflammation of the skin Once the dermatitis bacteria gets under the skin it turns into? - Cellulitis Manifestations of Cellulitis - Skin will be swollen, redness, fire like pain, tenderness, could have fever or even drainage TX Cellulitis - Antibiot...

Interventions to prevent diabetes Maintain healthy weight, diet and exercise Signs of type 1 diabetes 3 polys, blurred vision, cold feet, numbness, shiny thin skin w/ no hair, age 30 and under, sudden onset, underweight, Signs of type 2 diabetes No symptoms at first , later develop the 3 polys, obesity, Nigricans (black line on back of neck) skin tags S/S of hypoglycemia Fatigue, weakness, irritability, reduce cognition, tremors, seizures, diaphoresis( sweating) S/S of ...

type 1 diabetes mellitus NEEDs insulin type 2 diabetes Insulin resistant. Does not produce enough insulin Rotating the insulin injection site will prevent? Lipodystrophy s/s hyperglycemia: 3 Ps Polyphagia- Extreme thirst Polydipsia- Excessive urination Polyuria- Excessive hunger (also: hot and dry, sugar high) How is Lantus and regular insulin given? - Given in 2 separate syringes - Lantus is normally given at night Patient put on Actos or Metformin or Glucophage they tell you th...

The nurse is assisting in implementing care plan for a patient with dementia. Which interventions would you expect to see? (SATA) - answerKeep a large clock and calendar in view, reduce distractions during meal times, reduce exposure to over-stimulating situations, and monitor weight regularly for changes. Nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes. Which indicates need for further assessment? - answer"My dad and his dad had pancreatic cancer" Which of the following indicates...

Characteristics of Archaea - answer- They are prokaryotic - No peptidoglycan - They can live in extreme environments - Includes extreme halophiles & extreme thermophiles Characteristics of Bacteria - answer- They are prokaryotic - Have a peptidoglycan cell wall - Reproduce by binary fission - Gain energy from use of: organic chemicalsm, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis Characteristics of Fungi - answer- They are eukaryotic - Have chitin cell walls - Use organic chemicals for ...

What is Exanthem - A skin rash that arises from a different site of infection What is enanthem - A mucus membrane rash that arises from a different site of infection What bacteria(s) causes Impetigo? - Staphylococcus aureus - most times Streptococcus pyogenes - sometimes What are the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus? - 1. its gram (+) 2. cocci = form grape-like clusters 3. yellow pigmentation 4. coagulase (+) 5. CATALASE (+) How does the bacteria for impetigo spread? - i...

Clinical decision making requires the nurse to... a) improve a patient's health b) standardize care for the patient c) follow the health care provider's orders for patient care d) establish and weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for a patient - d) establish and weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for a patient Which of the following is not one of the five steps of the nursing process? a) planning b) evaluation c) assessment d) hyp...

The study of what happens when normal anatomy and physiology are altered - answerpathophysiology The absence of disease including the wellness of the mind, body and spirit - answerhealth A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant - answerdisease Hereditary - answerfamilies Congenital - answerpresent at birth Developmental - answerat certain stages of life Inflammatory - answerinvolves the inflammatory system Degenerative - answeraging process Metaboli...

Chamberlain NR-224 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Chamberlain NR-224 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Infection - The invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms Results in disease Colonization - Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue invasion or damage Communicable Disease - The infectious process transmitted from one person to another Symptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are present Asymptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are not present Knowledge Base Facts to Know - Disease or infection results only if the pathogens multip...

Package deal for Nr222 Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers Package deal for Nr222 Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers

What are characteristics of critical thinking? - Interpretation (ex: lab values), analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, self-regulation (ex: hospice pt wants to have peaceful death, RN knows there is more treatment possible. Must write notes based on what the pt wants) What is critical decision making? - continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which iden...