NR 224
NR 224 Fundamentals Chamberlain Exam 1
Review Ch 29
Infection - The invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms
Results in disease
Colonization - Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue
invasion or damage
Communicable Disease - The infectious process transmitted from one person to another
Symptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are present
Asymptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are not present
Knowledge Base Facts to Know - Disease or infection results only if the pathogens
multiply and alter normal tissue function.
Some infectious disease (viral meningitis, pneumonia) have a low or no risk for
transmission. They are serious for the patient but do not post a risk for others
Hepatitis C is an example of a communicable disease that can be asymptomatic.
Transmitted through the direct passage of blood into the skin from a percutaneous
exposure even if the source is asymptomatic.
Chain of Infection - Infectious Agent -->
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth -->
Portal of Exit -->
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Mode of Transportation -->
Portal of Entry -->
Susceptible Host --> (back to infectious agent)
Infection develops if the chain stays intact
Preventing infections involves breaking the chain of infection.
Hand hygiene is the most effective way to break the chain of infection
Does the presence of pathogen mean that an infection will occur?
Yes or No? - No, the presense of a pathogen does not mean an infection will occur.
Microorganisms - Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa
To thrive, organisms require a proper environment, appropriate food, oxygen, water,
temperature, pH and light
Preferred Microorganism Environment - Ideal temperature for most human pathogens is
20*C to 43*C (68-109 F)
pH range of 5-7
Dark environments
In order to find a site to grow and multiply, they must of a port of exit (blood, skin,
mucous membranes, respiratory/ genitourinary, gastrointestinal tracts/ transplacental) if
they are to enter another host and cause disease
Aerobic Bacteria - Require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause
disease
Anaerobic Bacteria - Thrive where little or no fresh oxygen is available
NR 224
NR 224 Fundamentals Chamberlain Exam 1
Review Ch 29
Infection - The invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms
Results in disease
Colonization - Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue
invasion or damage
Communicable Disease - The infectious process transmitted from one person to another
Symptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are present
Asymptomatic - Clinical signs and symptoms are not present
Knowledge Base Facts to Know - Disease or infection results only if the pathogens
multiply and alter normal tissue function.
Some infectious disease (viral meningitis, pneumonia) have a low or no risk for
transmission. They are serious for the patient but do not post a risk for others
Hepatitis C is an example of a communicable disease that can be asymptomatic.
Transmitted through the direct passage of blood into the skin from a percutaneous
exposure even if the source is asymptomatic.
Chain of Infection - Infectious Agent -->
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth -->
Portal of Exit -->
NR 224
, NR 224
Mode of Transportation -->
Portal of Entry -->
Susceptible Host --> (back to infectious agent)
Infection develops if the chain stays intact
Preventing infections involves breaking the chain of infection.
Hand hygiene is the most effective way to break the chain of infection
Does the presence of pathogen mean that an infection will occur?
Yes or No? - No, the presense of a pathogen does not mean an infection will occur.
Microorganisms - Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa
To thrive, organisms require a proper environment, appropriate food, oxygen, water,
temperature, pH and light
Preferred Microorganism Environment - Ideal temperature for most human pathogens is
20*C to 43*C (68-109 F)
pH range of 5-7
Dark environments
In order to find a site to grow and multiply, they must of a port of exit (blood, skin,
mucous membranes, respiratory/ genitourinary, gastrointestinal tracts/ transplacental) if
they are to enter another host and cause disease
Aerobic Bacteria - Require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause
disease
Anaerobic Bacteria - Thrive where little or no fresh oxygen is available
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