Microbiology 226
Micro 226 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026
Characteristics of Archaea - answer✔- They are prokaryotic
- No peptidoglycan
- They can live in extreme environments
- Includes extreme halophiles & extreme thermophiles
Characteristics of Bacteria - answer✔- They are prokaryotic
- Have a peptidoglycan cell wall
- Reproduce by binary fission
- Gain energy from use of: organic chemicalsm, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis
Characteristics of Fungi - answer✔- They are eukaryotic
- Have chitin cell walls
- Use organic chemicals for energy
- Molds & mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia, which are
composed of filaments called hyphae.
- Yeasts are unicellular.
Characteristics of Protozoans - answer✔- They are eukaryotes
- Absorb / ingest organic chemicals
- May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Characteristics of Helminths - answer✔- Multicellular eukaryotic animals
Microbiology 226
,Microbiology 226
- Specialized to live in hosts
- Reduced or lacking locomotion
- Complex reproductive system
- Ex: Flatworms & Roundworms
Characteristics of Viruses - answer✔- Are acellular
- Have either DNA or RNA in core
- Core is surrounded by a protein coat
- Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
- Viruses only replicate within a living host cell
Characteristics of Multicellular Animal Parasites - answer✔- They are eukaryotes
- Multicellular organisms
- Helminths are parasitic flatworms and round worms
- Microscopic stages in life cycles
Examples of organisms that are considered microbes: - answer✔- Yeast
- Protozoan
- Bacterium
- Virus
What term is used to describe a disease causing microorganism? - answer✔Pathogen
What factors contribute to the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance? -
answer✔Random mutations, overuse and misuse of specific drugs
Microbiology 226
,Microbiology 226
If you wanted to repeat the S neck flask experiment today but failed to heat the nutrient-
rich liquid in the flask before starting, what would you expect to happen? -
answer✔Microorganisms already present in the liquid would grow.
What is the S neck flask experiment? - answer✔- Conducted by Louis Pasteur in 1861 to
demonstrate that microorganisms are present in the air.
- Keep microbes out, but lets air in
- The neck of the flask traps microbes
- Microorganisms originate in air or fluids, not mystical forces
The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by who? -
answer✔Carolus Linnaeus
What did Robert Koch do? - answer✔- In 1876, he discovered that a bacterium causes
anthrax and provided the experimental steps, Koch's Postulates, to demonstrate that a
specific microbe causes a specific disease.
- Discovered a rod-shaped bacteria now known as Bacillus anthracis in the blood of cattle
that had died of anthrax
What are Koch's Postulates? - answer✔A sequence of experimental steps for directly
relating a specific microbe to a specific disease.
What did Carolus Linnaeus do? - answer✔- Established the system of scientific
nomenclature in 1735
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? - answer✔- He advocated hand washing to prevent
transmission of puerperal fever from one obstetric patient to another
Microbiology 226
, Microbiology 226
- Thought to have been potentially murdered for his ideas/beliefs as they were not
accepted.
What did Louis Pasteur do? - answer✔- Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in
the air
- Showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
- Demonstrated that these spoilage bacteria could be killed by heat that was not hot
enough to evaporate the alcohol in wine.
- Showed that another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan
In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the: - answer✔Species
A prokaryotic cell may possess what cellular components? - answer✔- Flagella
- Ribosomes
- A cell wall
- A cell membrane
Components associated with viruses - answer✔- Nucleic acid
- Envelope
- Chemical reactions
- Protein coat
Microbes that live stably in and on the human body are called the: - answer✔Human
microbiome
What are the three domains in the three-domain system? - answer✔- Archaea
Microbiology 226
Micro 226 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026
Characteristics of Archaea - answer✔- They are prokaryotic
- No peptidoglycan
- They can live in extreme environments
- Includes extreme halophiles & extreme thermophiles
Characteristics of Bacteria - answer✔- They are prokaryotic
- Have a peptidoglycan cell wall
- Reproduce by binary fission
- Gain energy from use of: organic chemicalsm, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis
Characteristics of Fungi - answer✔- They are eukaryotic
- Have chitin cell walls
- Use organic chemicals for energy
- Molds & mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia, which are
composed of filaments called hyphae.
- Yeasts are unicellular.
Characteristics of Protozoans - answer✔- They are eukaryotes
- Absorb / ingest organic chemicals
- May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Characteristics of Helminths - answer✔- Multicellular eukaryotic animals
Microbiology 226
,Microbiology 226
- Specialized to live in hosts
- Reduced or lacking locomotion
- Complex reproductive system
- Ex: Flatworms & Roundworms
Characteristics of Viruses - answer✔- Are acellular
- Have either DNA or RNA in core
- Core is surrounded by a protein coat
- Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
- Viruses only replicate within a living host cell
Characteristics of Multicellular Animal Parasites - answer✔- They are eukaryotes
- Multicellular organisms
- Helminths are parasitic flatworms and round worms
- Microscopic stages in life cycles
Examples of organisms that are considered microbes: - answer✔- Yeast
- Protozoan
- Bacterium
- Virus
What term is used to describe a disease causing microorganism? - answer✔Pathogen
What factors contribute to the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance? -
answer✔Random mutations, overuse and misuse of specific drugs
Microbiology 226
,Microbiology 226
If you wanted to repeat the S neck flask experiment today but failed to heat the nutrient-
rich liquid in the flask before starting, what would you expect to happen? -
answer✔Microorganisms already present in the liquid would grow.
What is the S neck flask experiment? - answer✔- Conducted by Louis Pasteur in 1861 to
demonstrate that microorganisms are present in the air.
- Keep microbes out, but lets air in
- The neck of the flask traps microbes
- Microorganisms originate in air or fluids, not mystical forces
The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by who? -
answer✔Carolus Linnaeus
What did Robert Koch do? - answer✔- In 1876, he discovered that a bacterium causes
anthrax and provided the experimental steps, Koch's Postulates, to demonstrate that a
specific microbe causes a specific disease.
- Discovered a rod-shaped bacteria now known as Bacillus anthracis in the blood of cattle
that had died of anthrax
What are Koch's Postulates? - answer✔A sequence of experimental steps for directly
relating a specific microbe to a specific disease.
What did Carolus Linnaeus do? - answer✔- Established the system of scientific
nomenclature in 1735
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? - answer✔- He advocated hand washing to prevent
transmission of puerperal fever from one obstetric patient to another
Microbiology 226
, Microbiology 226
- Thought to have been potentially murdered for his ideas/beliefs as they were not
accepted.
What did Louis Pasteur do? - answer✔- Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in
the air
- Showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
- Demonstrated that these spoilage bacteria could be killed by heat that was not hot
enough to evaporate the alcohol in wine.
- Showed that another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan
In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the: - answer✔Species
A prokaryotic cell may possess what cellular components? - answer✔- Flagella
- Ribosomes
- A cell wall
- A cell membrane
Components associated with viruses - answer✔- Nucleic acid
- Envelope
- Chemical reactions
- Protein coat
Microbes that live stably in and on the human body are called the: - answer✔Human
microbiome
What are the three domains in the three-domain system? - answer✔- Archaea
Microbiology 226
