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Anatomy of the abdomen CORRECT ANSWER Upper GI bleed CORRECT ANSWER 80% of GI bleeds Peptic ulcer disease (gastric, duodenal)- ~50% Esophageal- 10-20% Stress ulcers Mallory-Weiss tears Cancer Lower GI bleed CORRECT ANSWER 20% of GI bleeds Diverticulosis Angiodysplasia (AVMs) Tumor Radiation Colitis Inflammatory (Crohn's) Infectious (C diff, E coli) Which type of GI bleed has a higher mortality CORRECT ANSWER Upper Management of upper GI bleeds CORRECT ANSWER *Address th...

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Barron/Elsevier CCRN practice test questions and answers 100% pass Phenytoin inhibits _______ secretion ADH Most episodes of aspiration result in (right/left) lung infiltrates. Right Best indicator of GFR urine creatinine clearance In a vented patient with status asthmaticus, check for _______________ Auto-PEEP An increase in auto-PEEP is a sign of _________________. Air trapping A patient with a flattened diaphragm on a Chest X-ray and decreased expiratory flow rate most likely has what ty...

S1 Lub - start of systole Closure of AV (Mitral and tricuspid) S2 Dub Closure: Aortic and pulmonic louder with PE S3 heart failure and cor pulmonale, mitral, aortic, tricuspid insufficiency/regurg S4 cause by atrial contraction (not in afib) HTN, MI, aortic stenosis, and ventricular hypertrophy Insufficiency (regurg) occurs when valve is _______? Stenosis occurs when valve is ________? Insufficiency (regurg) = closed = chronic/acute Stenosis = open = chronic Systolic Murmurs: wha...

S3 occurs where and when? CORRECT ANSWER heard best at the apex of the heart right after S2 what is S3 associated with? CORRECT ANSWER Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency what is S3? CORRECT ANSWER rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle what is S4? CORRECT ANSWER atrial constriction of blood into a non-compliant ventricle Where and when does S4 occur? CORRECT ANSWER Best heard over the apex with the bell right before S...

Functional unit of the kidneys CORRECT ANSWER-Nephrons -Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons, and each nephron has a vascular system and a tubular system How are the kidneys affected when blood pressure drops CORRECT ANSWER-Renal perfusion is decreased, and the compensatory response at the level of the nephrons occur --*Afferent arterioles DILATE*- increasing flow to the glomerular capillaries AND *efferent arterioles CONSTRICT*- decreasing flow from the glomerular capillaries This result...

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