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Exam (elaborations) Pharm- INBDE Final Test Questions with Correct Detailed Answers 2026/2027. 2 Exam (elaborations) Pharmacology (INBDE ) Practice Questions and Answers 2026-2027 Edition. 3 Exam (elaborations) Pharmacology (INBDE)Test Questions with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.

What are the Local anesthetic esters? - Answer procaine cocaine tetracaine benzocaine What is the Short acting local anesthetic? - Answer procaine What are the moderate acting local anesthetics? - Answer lidocaine prilocaine mepivicaine What are the long acting local anesthetics? - Answer bupivicaine tetracaine etidocaine Where are amides metabolized? - Answer liver Where are esters metabolized? - Answer plasma What causes methemoglobinemia? - Answer ...

Amide - Answer Local anesthetic category, metabolized in the liver; ex: lidocaine, bupivicaine, mepivicaine, articaine, prilocaine Ester - Answer Local anesthetic category, metabolized by pseudocholinesterase in plasma, less commonly used due to higher toxicity and allergenicity due to methylparaben; ex: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine Lidocaine (xylocaine, 2%) - Answer Amide local anesthetic, safest in children, pKa 7.8 Bupivicaine (marcaine, 0.5%) - Answer Amide ...

What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for an ASA 1 pt? - Answer 0.2 mg What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for a cardiac pt? - Answer 0.04 mg What is the maximum dose of lidocaine with epi? - Answer 7 mg/kg What is the maximum dose of plain lidocaine? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg Which local anesthetic is safest for use in children? - Answer Lidocaine What is the maximum dose of Lidocaine in children? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg Which local anesthetic is the most cardiotox...

How the drug moves through the body - Answer Pharmacokinetics What is pharmacokinetics? - Answer How the drug moves through the body How the drug affects the body - Answer Pharmacodynamics What is pharmacodynamics? - Answer How the drug affects the body What is a drug's half-life? - Answer Time required to eliminate half of the active drug Time required to eliminate half of the active drug - Answer Half-life Which elimination depends on the initial drug con...

What is the treatment for methomoglobinemia? - Answer Vitamin C and methylene blue Which local anesthetic is associated with methemoglobinemia? - Answer Prilocaine What is the purpose of vasoconstrictor (epinephrine) in local anesthetic? - Answer Extends duration of action of the anesthetic Promotes hemostasis reduces toxicity Signs of local anesthetic toxicity - Answer Light headedness Muscle twitching Convulsion Coma Environment in which local anesthetics are mo...

Ester Local Anesthetics - Answer Procaine, Tetracaine and Cocaine Amide Local Anesthetics - Answer Anything that is NOT Procaine, Tetracaine or Cocaine and ends in "-caine" Lidocaine - Answer 1. SAFEST to use in children 2. 2% 3. pKa = 7.8 Bupivacaine - Answer 1. LEAST SAFE to use in children 2. 0.5% 3. pKa = 8.1 Mepivicaine - Answer 1. Causes LEAST amount of Vasodilation, thus can be packaged WITHOUT Epinephrine 2. 2% or 3% 3. pKa = 7.6 Articaine - Ans...

closed system - Answer Human circulatory system is a _______________ Pump - Answer cardiac output (CO) Tubing - Answer periperal resistance (PR) Fluid - Answer blood volume (SV) Cardiac output - Answer (CO) peripheral resistance - Answer (PR) blood volume - Answer (SV) BP - Answer CO X PR CO - Answer SV X HR Systole - Answer pressure in arteries when heart contracts Diastole - Answer pressure in arteries when heart relaxes Preload...

pharmacodynamics - Answer what the drug does to the body almost all drug targets are - Answer proteins agonist - Answer mimics the effects of an endogenous agonist molecule full vs partial agonist - Answer full - can produce 100% of the desired effect partial - can't " antagonist (two types) - Answer competitive - competes for the same binding site noncompetitive - binds to a different non overlapping binding site but still prevents binding inverse agonist -...

Propranolol - Answer Adrenergic Antagonist beta-Antagonist - Non-selective Blocks beta1 and beta2 receptors - slows down heart rate, increases peripheral resistance *careful with diabetics because can cause hypoglycemia and contraindicated in asthmatics due to bronchoconstriction Used for hypertension, hyperthryroidism, angina pectoris, afib, myocardial infarction, anxiety, tremors Tooth that is most often transposed - Answer Maxillary canine How many hours should you n...

1 Exam (elaborations) INBDE Practice Questions with Complete Rationales 2026-2027 Updated. 2 Exam (elaborations) Endodontics-Clinical Test Questions and Actual Answers 2026-2027. 3 Exam (elaborations) INBDE -Periodontal Deck-Final Exam Questions with All Solved Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.

1. If a tooth is ankylosed, which of the following types of resorption are most likely to have occurred? A. Cervical resorption B. Replacement resorption C. Inflammatory root resorption D. Internal resorption - Answer B. Replacement resorption * Ankylosis of a tooth refers to the fusion of two mineralized surfaces together, usually cementum and alveolar bone. Replacement resorption refers to the phenomenon where osteoclasts mistake dental tissue for bone leading to the eventual fu...

The Patient Evaluation - Answer History Exam PDL Tests Pulp Tests Extra Tests Radiography Endo diagnosis is - Answer clinical, not histological Always need what diagnosis - Answer Both PULPAL and APICAL diagnosis Diagnosis affects what? - Answer Treatment and prognosis What are the pulpal diagnosis - Answer Vital Pulp Reversible pulpitis Symptomatic Irreversible pulpitis Asymptomatic Irreversible pulpitis Necrotic pulp What are the pulpal diagnosis for aliv...

Hemisection is most likely to be performed on: • Mandibular first and second premolars • Maxillary first and second molars • Maxillary canines • Mandibular molars with buccal and lingual class n or III furcation involvements 2 Copynght C - Dental - Answer Mandibular molars with buccal and lingual class II or Ill furcation involvements Hemisection refers to the vertical sectioning of the tooth through both crown and root. Most often, the technique ...

1. If a tooth is ankylosed, which of the following types of resorption are most likely to have occurred? A. Cervical resorption B. Replacement resorption C. Inflammatory root resorption D. Internal resorption - Answer B. Replacement resorption * Ankylosis of a tooth refers to the fusion of two mineralized surfaces together, usually cementum and alveolar bone. Replacement resorption refers to the phenomenon where osteoclasts mistake dental tissue for bone leading to the eventual fu...

this dentin is secreted before root formation - Answer primary this dentin is secreted after root formation - Answer secondary tertiary dentin is created by - Answer secondary odontoblasts secondary dentin that is a reaction to MINOR damage - Answer reactionary tertiary dentin that is a reaction to MAJOR damage - Answer reparative what fibers cary dentinal pain - Answer A delta sharp transient first pain is carried by what fibers - Answer A delta A delta...

Interpretation accuracy - a. Brynholf - accuracy increases with added films, 3=87% b. Olsen - one film accuracy = 86% c. Goldman/Darzenta - 46% agreement on interpretation F. Technique - best view, paralleling - Forsberg Subjective & Objective Examination - Answer A. Reeves - Irreversible pulpitis develops when caries is w/in 0.5mm of pulp B. Tronstat - pulp cap is only 50% successful C. Cvek - Vital pulp therapy 95% successful D. Kretzchmar - referred pain may come from sinusitis ...

Normal Pulp - Answer Patient is asymptomatic, responds normally to pulp testing, has normal percussion sensitivity Normal Pulp Treatment - Answer Keep it that way, Home Care, Periodic Examination Reversible Pulpitis - Answer Has potential to heal, Exaggerated response to stimuli (cold, sweets), Response DOES NOT LINGER, Pain not spontaneous, Pain is specific (not vague), A-delta fiber activation Reversible Pulpitis Treatment - Answer Remove source of irritation (Caries, leak...

Dental trauma seen in children ages one to three is commonly caused by or attributed to - Answer underdeveloped motor coordination skills. Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a posterior primary tooth with a draining abscess, no mobility, no radiographic furcal bone loss, and roots that are completely intact? - Answer Pulpectomy When is pulpectomy indicated in primary teeth? - Answer Pulpectomy is indicated for cases in which there is no tooth mobility but the ...

Odontoblasts - Answer Makes Primary and Secondary Dentin Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Answer Makes Tertiary Dentin Pulp is surrounded by HARD Dentin - Answer Makes it difficult to expand Pulp lack collateral circulation - Answer DIFFICULT to cope with INFECTION Sclerotic Dentin - Answer Calcification of Tubules due to slow advancing caries or aging Reactionary (Secondary) Dentin - Answer Formed against minor injuries Reparative (Tertiary) Dentin -...