Pharmacology (INBDE)Test Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-
2027 Updated.
What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for an ASA 1 pt? - Answer 0.2 mg
What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for a cardiac pt? - Answer 0.04 mg
What is the maximum dose of lidocaine with epi? - Answer 7 mg/kg
What is the maximum dose of plain lidocaine? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg
Which local anesthetic is safest for use in children? - Answer Lidocaine
What is the maximum dose of Lidocaine in children? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg
Which local anesthetic is the most cardiotoxic? - Answer Bupivicaine
Which local anesthetic does NOT have epinephrine and is used in children to prevent lip biting?
- Answer Mepivicaine
Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of action? - Answer Bupivicaine
Which local anesthetic is both an ester and an amide? - Answer Articaine
Which local anesthetic is preferred for IAN injections? - Answer Lidocaine
Which local anesthetic is preferred for infiltrations? - Answer Articaine
Which local anesthetic is associated with methemoglobinemia? Which topical anesthetic is
associated with methemoglobinemia? - Answer Prilocaine and Benzocaine
What is the MOA of cocaine? - Answer Binds with high affinity to dopamine receptors in the
CNS and enhances sympathetic effects
,How does increased blood flow affect local anesthetics? - Answer Shorter duration of action
How does increased lipid solubility/hydrophobicity affect local anesthetics? - Answer
Increased potency AND longer duration of action
How does increased protein binding affect local anesthetics? - Answer Longer duration of
action
How does decreased tissue pH affect local anesthetics? - Answer More ionized forms and
decreased efficacy
How does decreased pKa affect local anesthetics? - Answer Faster onset of action
Which injection technique has the highest rate of failure? - Answer IAN
Which injection technique has the highest risk of hematoma? - Answer PSA
Which cusp only has a 25% chance of being anesthetized with a PSA injection? - Answer MB
cusp of the maxillary first molar
Which injection is considered the "most painful"? - Answer Nasopalatine
Which type of medication is used to treat Paget's disease, osteoporosis, and hypercalcemia of
malignancy? - Answer Bisphosphonates
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates? - Answer Depends on the specific drug but ultimately
disrupts the resorption process by:
1. Inhibits osteoclasts
2. Trigger apoptosis of osteoclasts
3. Inhibits angiogenesis
Etidronate (Didronel) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Pamidronate (Aredia) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Alendronate (Fosamax) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates (oral)
, Risedronate (Actonel) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Zolendronate (Reclast) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates (IV)
Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Loop diuretic
What is the MOA of furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer Acts in the thick segment of ascending limb
of Henle's loop to block reabsorption of Na/K/Cl to prevent passive reabsorption of water
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Thiazide diuretics
What is the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)? - Answer Inhibits resorption of Na/Cl in
the distal convoluted tubule
Sprionolactone (Aldactone) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Potassium sparing
diuretic
What is the MOA of Spironolactone (Aldactone)? - Answer Blocks renal aldosterone receptors
and decreases renal resorption of Na
What are the common side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer Hypokalemia, hearing loss,
and interstitial nephritis
What are the common side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)? - Answer Hypokalemia,
headaches, dizziness, xerostomia, and arrhythmias
What is a common side effects of Spironolactone (Aldactone)? - Answer Hyperkalemia
Hydarlazine (Hydrapress) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Vasodilators
Verampamil (Calan) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-
2027 Updated.
What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for an ASA 1 pt? - Answer 0.2 mg
What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for a cardiac pt? - Answer 0.04 mg
What is the maximum dose of lidocaine with epi? - Answer 7 mg/kg
What is the maximum dose of plain lidocaine? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg
Which local anesthetic is safest for use in children? - Answer Lidocaine
What is the maximum dose of Lidocaine in children? - Answer 4.4 mg/kg
Which local anesthetic is the most cardiotoxic? - Answer Bupivicaine
Which local anesthetic does NOT have epinephrine and is used in children to prevent lip biting?
- Answer Mepivicaine
Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of action? - Answer Bupivicaine
Which local anesthetic is both an ester and an amide? - Answer Articaine
Which local anesthetic is preferred for IAN injections? - Answer Lidocaine
Which local anesthetic is preferred for infiltrations? - Answer Articaine
Which local anesthetic is associated with methemoglobinemia? Which topical anesthetic is
associated with methemoglobinemia? - Answer Prilocaine and Benzocaine
What is the MOA of cocaine? - Answer Binds with high affinity to dopamine receptors in the
CNS and enhances sympathetic effects
,How does increased blood flow affect local anesthetics? - Answer Shorter duration of action
How does increased lipid solubility/hydrophobicity affect local anesthetics? - Answer
Increased potency AND longer duration of action
How does increased protein binding affect local anesthetics? - Answer Longer duration of
action
How does decreased tissue pH affect local anesthetics? - Answer More ionized forms and
decreased efficacy
How does decreased pKa affect local anesthetics? - Answer Faster onset of action
Which injection technique has the highest rate of failure? - Answer IAN
Which injection technique has the highest risk of hematoma? - Answer PSA
Which cusp only has a 25% chance of being anesthetized with a PSA injection? - Answer MB
cusp of the maxillary first molar
Which injection is considered the "most painful"? - Answer Nasopalatine
Which type of medication is used to treat Paget's disease, osteoporosis, and hypercalcemia of
malignancy? - Answer Bisphosphonates
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates? - Answer Depends on the specific drug but ultimately
disrupts the resorption process by:
1. Inhibits osteoclasts
2. Trigger apoptosis of osteoclasts
3. Inhibits angiogenesis
Etidronate (Didronel) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Pamidronate (Aredia) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Alendronate (Fosamax) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates (oral)
, Risedronate (Actonel) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates
Zolendronate (Reclast) is an example of which drug class? - Answer Bisphosphonates (IV)
Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Loop diuretic
What is the MOA of furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer Acts in the thick segment of ascending limb
of Henle's loop to block reabsorption of Na/K/Cl to prevent passive reabsorption of water
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Thiazide diuretics
What is the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)? - Answer Inhibits resorption of Na/Cl in
the distal convoluted tubule
Sprionolactone (Aldactone) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Potassium sparing
diuretic
What is the MOA of Spironolactone (Aldactone)? - Answer Blocks renal aldosterone receptors
and decreases renal resorption of Na
What are the common side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer Hypokalemia, hearing loss,
and interstitial nephritis
What are the common side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)? - Answer Hypokalemia,
headaches, dizziness, xerostomia, and arrhythmias
What is a common side effects of Spironolactone (Aldactone)? - Answer Hyperkalemia
Hydarlazine (Hydrapress) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Vasodilators
Verampamil (Calan) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is an example of what drug class? - Answer Calcium Channel Blocker
