Durham University (DUT) • History BA

What prompted the rise of the United States' Carceral State? The American prison system is both vast and unequal, and its rise was very much a series of deliberate acts forged over decades. This essay explores the rich and varied historiography that seeks to explain the growth of America's prison system and the reasons underpinning its inequalities.

When did the US economy turn capitalist? This essay explores the different interpretations among historians as to how and when the American economy became capitalist during the nineteenth century. This essay considers northern agriculture and southern slavery in particular.

James Fulcher's "Capitalism: A Very Short Introduction" is a foundational reference guide for modern and historical capitalism. Learn about the origins of capitalism and its various historical and modern forms via this set of notes that condense Fulcher's work to just a few pages.

This document is designed to summarise the key works and historiographical ideas relating to immigration and capitalism in the United States. It therefore offers several avenues for further research, while summarising the key theses of the most important academic thinkers on the topic, past and present.

This document is designed to summarise the key works and historiographical ideas relating to slavery and capitalism in the United States. It therefore offers several avenues for further research, while summarising the key theses of the most important academic thinkers on the topic, past and present.

This flowchart provides an accessible account of the development of capitalism across the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries in particular.

An introduction to the treatment of Jewish populations in medieval Europe, and why they were scapegoated for the problems of European society.

An introduction to the idea of "The Frontier", and how Frontier societies differed from those in the heart of Europe because of their interactions with other cultures.

An introduction to the status and treatment of heretics in medieval Europe.

An introduction to medieval European frontier societies, namely Spain and Sicily.