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Psychology EPQ

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EPQ on Psychology. Title Is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy more effective than Psychodynamic Therapy in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder? Achieved A*

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  • 5 maart 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy more effective than Psychodynamic Therapy in the

treatment of Bipolar Disorder?



Introduction

Bipolar disorder is a condition also known as manic depression where your mood can shift from an

episode of mania, where you may experience high amounts of energy, inflated self esteem, decreased

need for sleep and/or become hyperactive, to a depressive episode, featuring feelings of low mood or

lethargic tendencies. It has a lifelong prevalence rate of 1%- 1.5%. This disorder can be treated

through various different ways depending on the severity or complications of the condition, such as

comorbidity.



This study will compare the efficacy of both Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (‘CBT’) and

Psychodynamic Therapy in treating Bipolar disorder. Summarising them both in turn:



● CBT, is a structured, pragmatic form of therapy, aiming to identify specific current problems,

and solve them. What is distinct about CBT is that it does not deal with a patient's past, but

instead addresses issues they are facing at present. It aims to stop negative cycles through

breaking down what makes a person feel bad, anxious or scared, and changing behaviour as a

result, making their problems more manageable. Furthermore, CBT is structured, so the

subject is encouraged to not expel every different quality of their life in great detail, but

alternatively they are expected to keep focused on certain topics to reach the outcome of their

treatment.

● Contrastingly, Psychodynamic Therapy encourages the subject to speak freely about their

memories, problems and even fantasies, to help the therapist understand the patient to a

greater extent. Moreover, Psychodynamic Therapy aims to understand any and all reasoning

behind the subject’s symptoms, relationship issues and or emotional distress. Unlike CBT,

Psychodynamic Therapy sets out to understand how your past experiences, mind sets and

, worries about the future are causing difficulties in your present life. Throughout

Psychodynamic Therapy, the relationship with the therapist would be examined, and indeed

the therapist can use this information as an analytical indicator with regard to how the subject

forms relationships, in both the past and present.



Initially, as a result of these statements, it can be argued that Psychodynamic Therapy offers a more

holistic insight into a subject’s problems, whilst CBT refuses to delve any further past their current

issues. Indeed this has prompted some to suggest as a hypothesis that Psychodynamic Therapy is more

effective than CBT in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder.



What is the difference between Bipolar Disorder Type One and Type Two?

Source: Patricia Oelze - ‘What is the difference between Bipolar 1 and 2?’ Medically reviewed by Mr

Aaron Dutil



Bipolar Type One and Two have overlapping symptoms, but ultimately the main difference between

the two is that a patient with Bipolar Type Two experiences less manic symptoms.



Bipolar Type One:

For a diagnosis of Bipolar Type One, a patient would need to have had a manic period which lasted

more than a week; depression episodes are not necessarily needed for a diagnosis for Bipolar Type

One.



However, a patient would need to have one of the following symptoms to identify their mania:

- Increased racing thoughts

- Higher energy levels

- Increased irresponsible behaviour

- Higher mood levels than usual

- Delusions of grandeur

, - Potential psychotic episodes

- Lack of control of impulse and potentially even hallucinations



As well as this, a patient with Bipolar Disorder Type One would tend to need to have at least three of

the following symptoms for a diagnosis, (this depends contextually on the circumstance of course):

- Irritability / aggressive nature

- A lack of need for sleep

- Over-confidence

- Attention span issues

- Lack of ability to make decisions or concentrate



Bipolar Type Two:

For this type of Bipolar disorder, a patient would usually be expected to have experienced one

hypomanic (a more mild version of mania) period as well as a severe depressive episode lasting at

least 14 days. This would mean that if a patient suffered from Bipolar Disorder Type Two, they would

experience less mania, and more depressive symptoms.



Symptoms of the depressiver aspect of Bipolar Disorder Type Two include:

- Forgetfulness

- Suicidal thoughts

- Reduced energy levels

- Social isolation

- Weight gain or weight loss

- Lack of enjoyment in activities previously enjoyed

- Lack of concentration



For the purposes of this study, both types of disorder will be recognised as similar, and therefore it

will be suggested that the treatment of both types is similar.

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