Psychology of Women: Chapter 1 - 6 Study Guide: Exam 1: PSY 3210

Define androcentric and understand its context in research.

Antwoord: • Androcentric: male-centered • field of psychology was heavily dominated by men until 1960s • researchers only studied heart disease in men and used that data to treat women; ended poorly

What are the stages of research?

Antwoord: 1. Question formulation 2. Design Research 3. Data Analysis 4. interpreting Data 5. Publishing Results

Describe how bias can impact each stage of research

Antwoord: Question formulation: gender stereotypes influence question Design Research: Participants selected based on bias, Research design based on stereotypes interpreting and Publishing: Statistics focuses more on differences than similarities

Describe the First wave of Feminism

Antwoord: • Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848: rejected doctrine of female inferiority taught by academics • women won right to vote in 1920s

Describe second wave of Feminism

Antwoord: • 1960s research in women and gender spiked • Association for Women in Psychology (AWP) was founded as part of APA • tried to equalize field of psychology

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Antwoord: Sex: what is in between your legs, hormones Gender- how someone chooses to express themselves; if someone chooses to be a woman, but has a penis... then they are a woman with a penis. Vagina = female Expression = woman

Describe gender as a social construct

Antwoord: Gender is a performance. Something that is typically considered feminine is shaving their legs. However, not everyone who has a vagina shaves their legs. Some people with a penis shave their legs. However, in society\'s eyes, all people who have a vagina must shave their legs.

Define self-fulfilling prophecy

Antwoord: Expectations of the self can make the expected events come true, often with powerful and long-lasting effects.

How are women viewed and treated as objects?

Antwoord: • We do not have control over our bodies. - little to no reproductive rights - Men \"have a right \" to sexually harrass women because they have more rights over our bodies. Men choose when to have sex with women.

Define objectification

Antwoord: action of degrading someone to the status of a mere object

Define face-ism

Antwoord: small proportion of women\'s faces in media

Define sexist language

Antwoord: congressman, history, Man (humanity), assuming subjects of all sentences are male

What are the differences between Similarities Tradition (liberal feminism) and differences tradition (cultural feminism)?

Antwoord: Similar focuses on how men and women are similar in intelligence, personality, abilities, and goals. Differences states there is a fundamental difference between men and women, but that it should be honored.

Define and understand statistical significance.

Antwoord: unlikely to occurred by chance

Define confounding variables

Antwoord: an extra influence that may affect the dependent variable without researchers realizing

How do we use Meta-analysis?

Antwoord: used in quantitative methods to summarize results of multiple research studies quantitative

Define sexual differentiation

Antwoord: genetic, hormonal, and anatomical components that develop gradually before birth

What does it mean to be intersex?

Antwoord: 1. Number of specific variations on the theme of biological sex 2. 100s of different combinations

What is core identity and how does it develop?

Antwoord: 1. Fundamental sense of belonging as a woman or comfortable as a man

Define Social Learning Theory

Antwoord: how children learn gendered behavior from their environment; implies we can reduce gendered behavior

Define Gender Schema Theory

Antwoord: gender schema is learned very quickly, and it guides the individual in becoming gender typed; used by individuals to aid in their thinking and understanding

Define self-silencing

Antwoord: stifling of feelings and thoughts by adolescent girls in effort to fit in and be a \'nice girl\'