Theories of Chemical Bonding, VBT, MOT, VSEPR, Hydrogen Bonding.
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Vak
Inorganic Chemistry (CHEM1111)
Instelling
University Of The Punjab
These notes will provide you with the theories of chemical bonding which include:
Valence bond theory (VBT)
Molecular orbital approach (MOT)
Localized and delocalized (non-localized)
approaches to bonding
Orbital hybridization
Concept of resonance (mesomerism)
Hydrogen bonding
I hope thes...
theories of metallic bonding molecular orbital approach the band theory
localized and delocalized non localized approaches to bonding
molecular orbital theory mot
Geschreven voor
University Of The Punjab
Inorganic Chemistry (CHEM1111)
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ShahzadRiaz56
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Localized and delocalized (non-localized)
approaches to bonding
• There are two main ways of trying to explain how the
electrons of a molecule are involved in bonding:
Localized bond approach (also known as the valence
bond theory)
• It involves regarding all bonds as localized interactions
involving two electrons shared between two atoms.
• In polyatomic molecules this leads to the use of orbital
hybridization as a convenient mathematical (and pictorial)
procedure of manipulating the atomic orbitals to permit
the bonding to be described in terms of a collection of
simple two-centre, two-electron bonds.
, Modern theories of chemical bonding
(Nature of the chemical bond)
• Ionic bonding is basically understandable in terms of
coulombic forces of attraction between oppositely charged
species — cations and anions.
• The description of covalent bonding is limited to writing
Lewis structures.
• According to the Lewis concept a covalent bond is formed
by the sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
• It serves as a guide for writing structural formulae of
various covalent compounds.
• However, it does not explain:
– How does sharing of electrons lead to the formation of
a bond?
– What is the nature of bonding forces?
, – It tells nothing about the shapes of molecules, bond
energies and bond lengths.
• It was only after the development of wave mechanics that
two alternative theories were put forward to provide
plausible ( )ممکنہanswers to these questions.
• These two approaches are:
– Valence bond theory (VBT)
– Molecular orbital theory (MOT)
Wave mechanics
• A mathematical technique that describes the relationship between the
motion of a particle that exhibits wavelike properties (such as an
electron) and its allowed energies.
Quantum mechanics
• The body of scientific laws that describe the wacky ( آواره- )خبطی
behavior of photons, electrons and the other particles that make up the
universe.
, Valence bond theory
(Electron pair theory or Heitler-London theory)
• The first quantum mechanical treatment to explain the
formation of a covalent bond for the hydrogen molecule
was developed by W. Heitler and F. London in 1927.
• It was later improved and extended by Linus Pauling and
J.C. Slater in 1931.
Postulates of VBT
According to valence bond model:
• A covalent bond is formed between two atoms by the
overlap of half-filled valence atomic orbitals of each atom
containing one unpaired electron.
• The overlap of two atomic orbitals gives rise to a single
bond orbital which is localized orbital and is occupied by
both the electrons.
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