Samenvatting
Samenvatting Victimologie En Strafrechtsbedeling (B-KUL-C02A0A)
- Vak
- Instelling
Samenvatting chapter 6
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 32 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 32 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
gesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
MarieMulder
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Trf(fgChapter 6: The EU and victims of crime1. A Brief history of the involvement of the EU and victims of crime
1.1. Adversarial vs inquisitorial systems
Adversarial:
o No role for “civil parties” in criminal trials
o Emphasis on hearing in court as the place for presenting evidence
o No role for victims, further reduced by plea bargaining practices
o Testifying in court as a source of “secondary” victimisation
Inquisitorial:
o Civil/ adhered parties/ auxiliary prosecutors
o Pre-trail investigation by magistrate
o Victims as civil parties
o Testifying in re-trial investigation less burdensome than in court (?)
In which systems do you think explicitly victim’s rights emerged?
o Indeed, in adversarial systems:
o Position of victims was the weakest there.
o In addition: coincided with a general move towards rights-based approaches
to social problems in the Anglo-Saxon world.
1.2. 1950s until 1970s
Initially activity in the Anglo-Saxon countries
o Victims rights in the US
o Victim support in the UK
o Victim (state) compensation in New Zealand
New-Zealand:
o evidence of the role of a particular campaigner: Marjory Fry
1
, Difference between US and UK remains until this day:
o important distinction between the priority for services to victims and rights
for victims
1.3. 1970s onward global expansion
International Symposia on Victimology since 1973.
World Society of Victimology in 1979
And following the example of the new emphasis on individual human rights
approaches in the 1970s
UN Declaration of Basic principles of Justice for victims of crime and abuse of power
in 1985
1.3.1. UN Declaration
Principles of justice, rather than rights.
Emphasis on “abuse of power”
Content based on the knowledge at the time
More emphasis on restitution and compensation
o But also on access to justice
1.3.2. At the same time in Europe
Council of Europe became involved, recommendations from 1985 and 1987
Victim services became more wide-spread in Europe:
o including in Belgium and the Netherlands
In 1990 European umbrella organisation of victim services:
o European Forum for Victim Services (since 2006 Victim Support Europe)
2
, 1.3.3. Important issues
Do you know what your rights as a victim are in Belgium?
For the non-Belgians, would it have mattered to you for your decision to come to
Belgium?
1.4. Before the Framework Decision
In the 1990s: no EU involvement in victims issues
What changed around the millennium?
Commissioner Grodin:
o The position of cross-border victims, connected fundamental EU principle of
freedom to travel
People are hampered in their freedom to travel if they are treated differently as
victims when they suffer crime abroad
So EU has competence in matters relating to (harmonisation of the position of) cross-
border victims
o But can not harmonise position of cross-border victims, without doing the
same for ‘domestic’ victims as well
o Ergo: EU has competence to develop legislation concerning all victims
1.4.1. How convincing is this?
Why does a differential treatment of cross-border victims restrict the freedom to
travel?
Nobody is aware of the rights of their victims –indeed not in their home country
either
o And –therefore- no one bases their travel decisions on their rights as victims
o Can imagine that different levels of crime might factor? But not victims’ rights.
3
, 1.5. The Framework Decision
European Union Framework Decision on the standing of victims in criminal
proceedings
o Adopted on the 15th of March 2001
Milestone: first international ‘hard’ law instrument
o Differs from soft law, the UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for
Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power of 1985 and Council of Europe
Recommendations of 1985, 1987 and (subsequently) 2006
Contains 18 articles, main rights on following sheets
o Most articles to be transposed in one year after adoption
o Transposal into national legislation, i.e. a Member State has to show to the
commission that a relevant national piece of legislation matches the
provision.
o Transposal does not necessarily mean enforced in practice
1.5.1. Main victim’s rights in FD
To respect and recognition at all stages of the criminal proceedings (article 2);
To receive information and information about the progress of the case (article 4);
To provide information to officials responsible for decisions relating to the offender
(article 3);
To have legal advice available(article 6);
To protection, for victims’ privacy and their physical safety (article 8);
To compensation, from the offender and the State (article 9);
To receive victim support (article 13);
To mediation (article 10);
4
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper MarieMulder. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 72841 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen