Immunology
HC 1: INNATE IMMUNITY
Immune system = our immune system ensures we stay HEALTHY
- A diffuse, complex network, of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues
that protects the body
o From pathogens and other foreign substances
o Destroys infected and malignant cells
o And removes cellular debris
RECOGNIZE, REMOVE, REMEMBER
Difference between self and non-self AND harmless vs. harmful
- Micro-organisms = non-self but harmless
- Organs/tissues = self, harmless
o Can become cancerous cells = self but harmful
There is a delicate balance in immune activation (inflammation) and inhibition (tolerance).
A disbalance in immunity can cause (severe) disease. The first time your body is infected, it
takes time to build up immunity and in that time you get sick.
- Infection
- Allergy
- Cancer
- Auto-immune disease
Before we can use our immune system for treatment, we need to know what the right
balance is, how it’s achieved, and what exactly causes disbalance.
,Physical barriers form the first line of defense against pathogens.
- Hair, skin, nails etc.
The innate immune system forms the second line of defense: introduction of inflammation
Cytokine: signaling molecule for ACTIVATION
Chemokine: signaling molecule for MIGRATION
Innate immunity:
- Rapid response within ours
- Fixed
- Limited number of specificities
- Constant during the course of response
The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense.
Development and activation occur in lymphoid tissues. Activation
and proliferation of pathogen specific lymphocytes.
Clonal expression = one cell becoming many
, Adaptive immunity:
- Slow response: days to weeks
- Variable
- Numerous highly selective specificities
- Improve during the course of response
Primary response = development of adaptive immune cells
- Bone marrow B-cells
- Thymus T-cells
Secondary response = activation of adaptive immune cells
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
T-cells form the cellular defense, B-cells producing antibodies the humoral defense.
Close interaction between innate and adaptive immunity for optimal pathogen clearance.
Collaboration:
1. Activation of adaptive immunity by innate dendritic cells.
2. Specific activation of innate immune cells by adaptive immunity: T-cells and
antibodies.
Immune cells arise from two common progenitors during hematopoiesis.
The complement system plays an important role during inflammation. Your complement
system complements ongoing inflammation and consists of plasma proteins with enzymatic
activity.
- C3 is the most important factor
- Activated upon cleavage for tag & recruit
o Cleaved into C3a and C3b
HC 1: INNATE IMMUNITY
Immune system = our immune system ensures we stay HEALTHY
- A diffuse, complex network, of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues
that protects the body
o From pathogens and other foreign substances
o Destroys infected and malignant cells
o And removes cellular debris
RECOGNIZE, REMOVE, REMEMBER
Difference between self and non-self AND harmless vs. harmful
- Micro-organisms = non-self but harmless
- Organs/tissues = self, harmless
o Can become cancerous cells = self but harmful
There is a delicate balance in immune activation (inflammation) and inhibition (tolerance).
A disbalance in immunity can cause (severe) disease. The first time your body is infected, it
takes time to build up immunity and in that time you get sick.
- Infection
- Allergy
- Cancer
- Auto-immune disease
Before we can use our immune system for treatment, we need to know what the right
balance is, how it’s achieved, and what exactly causes disbalance.
,Physical barriers form the first line of defense against pathogens.
- Hair, skin, nails etc.
The innate immune system forms the second line of defense: introduction of inflammation
Cytokine: signaling molecule for ACTIVATION
Chemokine: signaling molecule for MIGRATION
Innate immunity:
- Rapid response within ours
- Fixed
- Limited number of specificities
- Constant during the course of response
The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense.
Development and activation occur in lymphoid tissues. Activation
and proliferation of pathogen specific lymphocytes.
Clonal expression = one cell becoming many
, Adaptive immunity:
- Slow response: days to weeks
- Variable
- Numerous highly selective specificities
- Improve during the course of response
Primary response = development of adaptive immune cells
- Bone marrow B-cells
- Thymus T-cells
Secondary response = activation of adaptive immune cells
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
T-cells form the cellular defense, B-cells producing antibodies the humoral defense.
Close interaction between innate and adaptive immunity for optimal pathogen clearance.
Collaboration:
1. Activation of adaptive immunity by innate dendritic cells.
2. Specific activation of innate immune cells by adaptive immunity: T-cells and
antibodies.
Immune cells arise from two common progenitors during hematopoiesis.
The complement system plays an important role during inflammation. Your complement
system complements ongoing inflammation and consists of plasma proteins with enzymatic
activity.
- C3 is the most important factor
- Activated upon cleavage for tag & recruit
o Cleaved into C3a and C3b
