Dangers of the medical model
- Focuses on internal causes
- Preference for biological treatment
- Person’s behaviour not taken into account. Own responsibility
- Focus on treatment instead of prevention
Disorder
- Impairment
- Psychological dysfunction
- Atypical response
Validity
- Content: all aspects of a phenomenon are tested
- Concurrent/ convergent: another measure of the phenomenon had the same outcome
- Criterium: measuring a phenomenon indirectly
- Construct: test measures what it is supposed to measure
- Predictive: if test can predict what will happen in future
Kraeplin biological
Freud: development
Modern model: biological, social, developmental, cognitive etc.
Behaviour of genetics:
- Genes more important than being raised in the same family
- A lot of genes for 1 behaviour aspect
- All behaviour is heritable
- Small account of behaviour is your own genes
Brain regions and neurotransmitters
- Amygdala
- Prefrontal cortex
- Hypothalamus
Serotonine
- Depression, anxiety. Same biological origin
Dopamine
- Parkinson and schizofrenie
- Motor and reward system
- Pleasurable activities: sex, alcohol
Norepinephrine
- Cocaine and amphetamines longer the uptake process
- Produced by neurons in brain
, GABA
- Inhibits action of other neurotransmitters
- Tranquilizing
- Anxiety
Hormones
- Cortisol: stress regulation hormone
- Testosterone: aggression, medication for social anxiety
- Oxycotin: love hormone, more aggressive towards outgroup
Anxiety symptoms
- Heart rate up
- Dizziness
- Fight or flight response
Anxiety disorder
- Excessive, long fear
- Doesn’t fit in developmental period
- Impairment
- Not enough reasons to be anxious
- Can’t be controlled
Separation anxiety and selective mutism have to start in childhood
Separation anxiety
- Fear, sadness when being separated from caregivers
- Fear they will die
Selective mutism
- Unable to speak in specific social situation
- Fear of being embarrassed
- At least 1 month
Specific phobia
- Fear for something specific
- Not normal reaction to it, extreme and irrational
- Exposure therapy
Social phobia
- Fear for social presentation/ speaking situations
- Part of GAD
- Irrational, impairments
Panic disorder
- Fear of having another manic attack, uncued
- Vicious circle
- Focuses on internal causes
- Preference for biological treatment
- Person’s behaviour not taken into account. Own responsibility
- Focus on treatment instead of prevention
Disorder
- Impairment
- Psychological dysfunction
- Atypical response
Validity
- Content: all aspects of a phenomenon are tested
- Concurrent/ convergent: another measure of the phenomenon had the same outcome
- Criterium: measuring a phenomenon indirectly
- Construct: test measures what it is supposed to measure
- Predictive: if test can predict what will happen in future
Kraeplin biological
Freud: development
Modern model: biological, social, developmental, cognitive etc.
Behaviour of genetics:
- Genes more important than being raised in the same family
- A lot of genes for 1 behaviour aspect
- All behaviour is heritable
- Small account of behaviour is your own genes
Brain regions and neurotransmitters
- Amygdala
- Prefrontal cortex
- Hypothalamus
Serotonine
- Depression, anxiety. Same biological origin
Dopamine
- Parkinson and schizofrenie
- Motor and reward system
- Pleasurable activities: sex, alcohol
Norepinephrine
- Cocaine and amphetamines longer the uptake process
- Produced by neurons in brain
, GABA
- Inhibits action of other neurotransmitters
- Tranquilizing
- Anxiety
Hormones
- Cortisol: stress regulation hormone
- Testosterone: aggression, medication for social anxiety
- Oxycotin: love hormone, more aggressive towards outgroup
Anxiety symptoms
- Heart rate up
- Dizziness
- Fight or flight response
Anxiety disorder
- Excessive, long fear
- Doesn’t fit in developmental period
- Impairment
- Not enough reasons to be anxious
- Can’t be controlled
Separation anxiety and selective mutism have to start in childhood
Separation anxiety
- Fear, sadness when being separated from caregivers
- Fear they will die
Selective mutism
- Unable to speak in specific social situation
- Fear of being embarrassed
- At least 1 month
Specific phobia
- Fear for something specific
- Not normal reaction to it, extreme and irrational
- Exposure therapy
Social phobia
- Fear for social presentation/ speaking situations
- Part of GAD
- Irrational, impairments
Panic disorder
- Fear of having another manic attack, uncued
- Vicious circle
