Periodic Variation of Atomic Properties on the Periodic Table

What is an orbital?

Antwoord: An orbital is a region of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.

Define quantum numbers and state the four quantum numbers there is.

Antwoord: These are numbers that show the allowable energy levels of a particular electron in an atom. There are four quantum numbers and they are: 1. Principal quantum number 2. Azimuthal quantum number 3. Magnetic quantum number 4.Magnetic Spin quantum number

Explain any two of the quantum numbers

Antwoord: 1. Principal quantum number: This shows the main energy level of the electron. It is denoted by the symbol,n. For a given value of n, the number of orbitals it can have it given as n2. The number of electrons that a given n can take is 2n2. 2. Azimuthal quantum number: This describes the shape of the orbital in which the particular electron is found. It is denoted by the symbol, l and has values ranging from 0 to (n-1). For n= 0,1,2,3 etc, they are designated with s,p,d,f orbitals having the shapes, spherical,dumbbell,clover shape etc. 3. Magnetic quantum number:This shows the orientation of the orbital in which that particular electron is found. It is also denoted by Ml and has values ranging from -l to +l. 4. Magnetic spin quantum number: This shows the direction of spin of the electron in it\'s suborbital. It has only two values i.e,+_0.5

Which of the following orbitals will first be filled filled, 3s and 3d?

Antwoord: The 3s orbital will firstly be filled before the 3d and this because, according to the Aufbau\'s principle, orbitals of lower energies are first filled before those of higher energies. The 3s orbital has a lower energy as compared to the 3d, hence the reason why it will be first filled.

Why is the filling of the configuration of Zn different from the elements in the second period on the periodic table?

Antwoord: For the atoms in the second period, they don\'t have a 3d orbital in their structure but for Zn, it has. For the 3d orbital, there is extra stability associated with half filled and fully filled orbital hence the 3d orbital is fully filled before filling thr 4s. Zn= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1o 4s2