Ariikelsey

Abstract Background Solving complex public health challenges requires integrated approaches to health, such as One Health. A key element of the One Health approach is the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and the associated multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Here we describe a pragmatic approach for One Health operationalisation basing on our long-term engagement with communities faced wit...

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.1 aims to ensure that “safely managed drinking water services” are free of fecal pollution.1 Evaluating the presence of fecal pollution is difficult in low-resource settings partially due to lack of financial, logistical, and technical resources. In such settings, organoleptic properties (smell, taste, and appearance) are relied upon to infer the quality of drinking water. There are no published studies that have evaluated the associations of...

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei (T b) gambiense or T b rhodesiense which usually has a fatal outcome after two to three years if left untreated (Buscher et al., 2017; Sudarshi et al., 2014). The parasite is transmitted by tsetse flies that are only present in a number of Sub-Saharan African countries. The West African variant caused by T b gambiense (g-HAT) is the most common form of t...

H uman growth hormone (hGH) is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland in a pulsatile manner; the majority of hGH is released at night.1–3 hGH promotes longitudinal growth in children and influences many other homeostatic functions throughout life, including puberty, body composition, metabolism, physical fitness, and sleep.1,4,5 hGH deficiency (GHD) is a rare disorder characterized by inadequate hGH secretion that occurs in children and adults.6,7 In children, the primary sympt...

OSCC was most prevalent in this region [4]. The habits of chewing tobacco and areca nut with or without betal quid are rampant in this area. Besides the main risk factors of tobacco, smoking and alcohol, infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic alterations are likely to play an important role in these lesions [5]. Oncogenic HPVs are a main causative agent for cervical cancer, but the role of HPV infection in OSMF and OSCC is less established. Human papillomavirus is about 55 ...

Leptospirosis is a worldwide bacterial disease that affects humans and animals and is regarded as re-emerging in dogs in North America. Leptospira spp. are tightly coiled spirochetes shed in urine and transmitted by maintenance hosts, such as rats, mice, and raccoons [1]. There are multiple pathogenic Leptospira spp. serovars circulating in the United States, each with different wild and domestic animal reservoir species and geographic spread [1]. Serovars identified in dogs in the Unite...

The logic of play is the foundation of intelligent, rational and adaptive experience. This shall be justified by the theory presented in this article, which postulates that the logic of play is metaphoric logic. Metaphoric logic permits recognizing isomorphoric structures between entities which from the "cornmon sense" viewpoint appear to be quite different. Metaphoric logic shall be discussed as that which organizes a child's play behavior and the creative activities of the scientist....

Heterogeneity exists in every population for all health outcomes, including HIV acquisition and transmission among female sex workers (FSW) in South Africa. An estimated 58% of FSW in South Africa are living with HIV.1 While antiretroviral therapy (ART) is free at primary health clinics, ART coverage among FSW is estimated to be 24% and viral suppression rates, when available, are poor.1,2 These data highlight the current gaps in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) servic...

Point-of-care human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis has advantages over conventional testing in time-critical settings (1–3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12). The OraQuick HIV type 1 (HIV-1) rapid antibody test (OraQuick; OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, Pa.), is designed as a rapid test that uses oral mucosal transudate (OMT), whole blood, serum, or plasma. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in November 2002 for HIV-1 diagnosis by using finger-stick whole blood. OraQuick ...

In spite of the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC or the Court), national criminal jurisdictions remain the principal actors expected to realize the basic aims of international criminal justice as articulated in the preamble of the Rome Statute (the Statute).' The basic aim is to put an end to impunity for the perpetration of "grave crimes," or "the most serious crimes of concern for the international community as a whole," and thus, contribute to the prevention ...

e conflict in Syria goes into its seventh year in 2018, with no political solution and pacification of the country in sight. Nevertheless, in media coverage of the destruction caused by the warring parties—and thus in the perception of the general public—the aspect of reconstruction is receiving growing attention. Syria’s cultural landscape belongs to one of the world’s most exceptional regions, both with regard to the density and historical importance of its heritage sites. M...

Mortality from meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains high at 19%–68%, and the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of death among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1, 2]. Annual global deaths from cryptococcal meningitis (CM) are estimated at 181 100, with 135 900 deaths in SSA, and CM is responsible for 15% of all AIDS-related deaths [2]. CM comprises 60% of all meningitis cases in Uganda and is associated with high morbidity and...

Background: Dual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/syphilis rapid, point-of-care testing may enhance syphilis screening among high-risk populations, increase case finding, reduce time to treatment, and prevent complications. We assessed the laboratory-based performance of a rapid dual HIV/syphilis test using serum collected from patients enrolled in the Zimbabwe Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Etiology study. Methods: Blood specimens were collected from patients presenting with STI...

Approximately 20–25% of all breast cancers are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and have historically been associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) [1]. For patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), the use of humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin® , Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA) in combination with chemotherapy has become the standard of care. Approximately one third of patients with MBC ...

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and veno-occlusive disease (VOD) are well-known transplantation-related complications induced by coagulation disorder [1–4]. The mortality rates are more than 60–70 % in patients with a severe condition [5]. Basically, patients with SCT are inevitably exposed to mucosal and endothelial damages by conditioning regimens such as irradiation and anticancer drugs, leukocytopenia complicated with infections, hypercytokinemia in an allogeneic immune reaction...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small doublestranded DNA viruses that infect the human epithelium and cause hyper-proliferation (Bosch et al., 1995; Clifford et al., 2003). Certain types of HPV (high-risk types) have been found to be closely associated with the development of greater than 90% of cervical cancers (Chacon et al., 2007; Cuschieri ´ ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: . E-mail address: (W. Rawlinson). et al., 2004; Del Mistro et al., 2006). The use of combined tests ...

During infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6), IgM antibody (Ab) are not sufficiently consistent for use in the diagnosis of primary infection, reinfection or reactivation, whether symptomatic or not. These Abs can give false-negative results, because they are produced in small quantities which are difficult to detect or not produced. 1 False-positive results can be due to their long persistence and t...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary mathematical topic with algorithms allowing machines to execute pseudo-cognitive activities. AI has a huge impact on medical production. AI can classify pathologies and can predict treatment recommendations. It can be a diagnostic and decisionmaking tool. Like humans, artificial intelligence builds a shared history through the repetition of interactions. Errors, mismatches, and relational reparations similarly mark these interacti...

1. INTRODUCTION Since the advent of personal computing, the average user expertise with computers is constantly dropping. Accordingly, user interface effectiveness has become increasingly important in software development in particularly because this aspect can determine the adoption or rejection of the whole software [1]. Actually, the user interface occupies a very important part of design and development tasks in modern software development [4]. Aware of the fact that designer...

ORTHO HCV Version 3.0 ELISA Test System is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which utilizes microwells coated with recombinant hepatitis C virus encoded antigens as the solid phase. ELISA technology utilizes the principle that antigens or antibodies which become bound to the solid phase can be detected by complementary antibody or antigen which is labeled with an enzyme capable of acting on a chromogenic substrate. When enzyme substrate is applied, the presence of antigen or a...