Ariikelsey

I N NOVEMBER 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved teriparatide (Forteo) for the treatment of osteoporosis. Teriparatide contains the first 34 amino acids of human PTH. We will use the term teriparatide to describe PTH(1-34) produced by recombinant DNA technology by Eli Lilly & Co. (Indianapolis, IN, USA) and marketed as Forteo. The peptide produced by any other technology will be called PTH(1-34). The approval of teriparatide came after an eventful period of preclinical...

troduction D istance-based clinician-to-clinician consultation (teleconsultation) is an area of increasing interest and research. Published reports describe successful teleconsultation systems using the telephone, Internet, and video in fields such as dermatology, radiology, and neurology.1–4 Other fields of medicine might benefit from teleconsultation, especially those dealing with complex clinical problems in which access to local expertise is limited.5–11 Human immunodeficiency ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has come to stay. Attempts to curtail this infection have had some success, with diagnosis of infection and counseling playing a significant role in prevention and patient management. Detection of anti-HIV antibodies remains the mainstay for diagnosis of HIV infection, though molecular tests have their application under certain circumstances. Rapid screening assays are simple to perform, give easy visual readout of results, and do not requi...

Fasciola hepatica is the most widely distributed trematode with millions of people infected worldwide.1 The highlands of Bolivia and Peru are hyperendemic areas with a prevalence of up to 70% determined by stool microscopy. Furthermore, the areas that are endemic and hyperendemic for fascioliasis are expanding as better data are emerging from diverse countries. In northwest Ethiopia where only sporadic fascioliasis had previously been described, 3.3% of children were found infected in 2...

S creening for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) antibodies in the United States was mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988 (first for HTLV-1 followed by HTLV-2 in 1998).1 In the United States, HTLV prevalence is relatively low at 3.37 per 100,000 donations collected from 2011 to 2012.2 HTLV screening has used a dual-testing algorithm beginning with either a chemiluminescent immunoassay or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA). Before the availabil...

The spread of the human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV; type I [HTLV-I] and type II [HTLV-II]) from known regions of endemicity to other parts of the globe has led public health authorities in many countries to institute routine screening procedures for these retroviruses. This is the case in Brazil, where nationwide blood bank screening for HTLV became mandatory in 1993. The prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in Brazil varies regionally (1, 6); prevalence rates may reach as high as 1.3...

. Background Over 230 distinct papillomavirus genotypes have been identified based on nucleic acid sequence analysis and 179 are human papillomaviruses [1,2]. 12–14 HR HPV genotypes are usually assayed collectively to achieve high sensitivity for predicting high grade cervical lesions. However, this leads to a low specificity, especially in young women [3–5]. As a result, individual genotype detection (in particular HPV16 and HPV18), has been added to some commercial tests and algori...

Since December of 2000, the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) of the Ontario Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care has utilized an inhouse nucleic acid amplification testing followed by Sanger sequencing for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in formalin-fixed paraffinimbedded tissue specimens. Although this methodology has allowed for the characterization of approximately 250 tissue specimens, it is labor intensive and requires t...

Self-report instruments, also referred to as patient-reported outcomes (PRO), are a common means of identifying depression in routine clinical practice and research. Many such questionnaires have been developed and persuasive psychometric characteristics have been reported for these instruments based upon Classical Test Theory (CTT) assumptions [1,2]. However, in the last years it was demonstrated that PRO could benefit substantially from modern approaches such as item response theory (I...

An action observation network (AON) that responds to the observation of human actions has been identified in the premotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), superior temporal sulcus (STS) and supplementary motor area of the human brain (Grafton et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996b; Buccino et al., 2001; Gre`zes & Decety, 2001; Jeannerod, 2001; Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004; Zentgraf et al., 2005; Cross et al., 2006; Molnar-Szakacs et al., 2006). This network is believed to contain m...

Introduction Assisted reproductive technique (ART) is the established treatment for infertility and, in most cases, the only option for childless couples to achieve parenthood. However, it is riddled with various barriers, such as accessibility, cost, as well as cultural and social factors. One of the most important barriers is finance, as ART is relatively expensive. Keeping this in mind, the Sindh Institute of Reproductive Medicine (SIRM) was established in September 2007 with the a...

R ecently, several groups1–3 showed that, in the majority of patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation, the premature atrial beats that initiate atrial fibrillation originate from the pulmonary veins. However, ablating these triggers using standard radiofrequency catheter technology has proven to be a significant technical challenge, and pulmonary vein stenosis has been reported. We present our preliminary results using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound...

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, remains a public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 50,000–70,000 new cases per year, of which ∼20,000 are detected and reported [1]. The disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), and it progresses from the hemolymphatic first stage to the meningoencephalitic second stage. It is invariably fatal without appropriat...

Introduction The UN human rights mandate in Cambodia is one of the oldest. ‘The new UN human rights envoy is welcome to Cambodia, but I hope he will not be as ignorant as his predecessor’: these were the words in the headlines of The Phnom Penh Post2 reported to be from the prime minister Hun Sen that greeted me upon my arrival in Cambodia as the fifth mandate-holder on my first mission to the country in June 2009. The relations between the successive UN special rapporteurs and the go...

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina spp). The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, within the limits of the geographic distribution of the tsetse fly. Two sub-species of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei cause the disease in humans: T.b. gambiense and T.b. rhodesiense. Infection with T.b. gambiense causes the chronic form of HAT (gambiense ...

Introduction Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) contribute significantly to morbidity in humans in endemic countries. The major means of controlling these infections is by the periodic administration of anthelmintic drugs [1]. Given the lessons from livestock, where resistance to anthelmintics is widespread [2], the potential for anthelmintic resistance in human parasites h...

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a very big health challenge in many countries, especially in Africa. At the end of 2006, an estimated 39.5 million people in the world were living with HIV, with Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest burden of the pandemic. The infection rate is increasing every year. An estimated 4.3 million new cases were reported in 2006. More than 95% of these new infections were from poor countries of Asia, South America and Africa [1]. There are therefore needs to deve...

1 | INTRODUCTION Over the past four decades, job strain (also known as job stress) has received substantial theoretical and empirical attention (Ganster & Rosen, 2013; Kahn & Byosiere, 1992). Findings from this large and diverse body of scientific evidence note that both acute and chronic exposure to high work demands increase the probability that employees will experience greater mental (e.g., depression, Received: 2 November 2017 Revised: 2 April 2018 Accepted: 18 April 2018 DOI: 10.1002...

the twenty-first century, most organizations are faced with the task of achieving the best possible results regarding efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery and profit maximization with available employees at their disposal. As a result, the concept of human resource development (HRD) has emerged as a strategy to enhance the capacity of existing employees in organizations for efficient performance. Human Resource Development (HRD) is one of the key functions of an org...

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and defined by the history of respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest oppression, and cough that vary over time and intensity, along with varying expiratory airflow1 . Asthmatic treatment is not only aimed at controlling symptoms, but also to prevent exacerbations and decline in pulmonary function1 . Clinical evaluation of asthma control is still a challenge. Diffe...