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A 38-year-old man presents to the emergency department due to seizures that started earlier that day, as reported by his sister. He adds that his vision is also blurry. The patient says he has never traveled outside of the United States. Physical examination reveals several enlarged cervical lymph nodes as well as a right homonymous hemianopia. Laboratory studies show a CD4 count of 78 cells/μL. The patient is sent for an MRI with ring-enhancing lesion. - Toxoplasma Gondii Occurs in patien...

Bacterial Structures: Peptidoglycan - Gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure; Sugar backbone w/ cross-linked peptide side chains. (function; chemical composition) Bacterial Structures: Cell wall / cell membrane (G+'s) - Major surface Ag; Peptidoglycan for support. Teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1. (function; chemical composition) Bacterial Structures: Outer membrane (G-) - Site of endotoxin (LPS), major surface Ag; Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 Polysaccharide is the Ag (fu...

often precedes squamous cell carcinoma - actinic keratosis primary adrenocortical deficiency - Addison's disease polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? - Albright's syndrome hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness - Alport's syndrome anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis? - Goodpasture's syndrome anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis? - scleroderma (CREST) anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodi...

Chromatin structure - Negatively charged DNA loops twice around histone octamer (2 each of the positively charged H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to form nucleosome bead. H1 ties nucleosomes together in a string. (Think of "beads on a string"; H1 is the only histone that is not in the nucleosome core.) In mitosis, DNA condenses to form mitotic chromosomes. <img src="66a - Euchramatin strxr.JPG" /> Heterochromatin - Condensed, transcriptionally inactive ("H eteroC hromatin = H ighly C onde...

What gland is found in the muscular triangle of the neck? - Thyroid gland Is an afferent or efferent pupillary defect described as B/L pupillary constriction when light is shined in the unaffected eye and B/L paradoxical dilation when light is shined in the affected eye? - Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent pupillary defect (CN III), B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and consentual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected ey...

Sensitivity - TP / (TP + FN) Specificity - TN / (TN + TP) Positive Predictive Value - TP / (TP + FP) Negative Predictive Value - TN / (FN + TN) Incidence Rate - # of new cases in a certain time period / population that is at risk during that time period This looks at new incidences occurring during a time period Prevalence - # of existing cases / population at risk Looks at ALL current cases Odds Ratio - (a/c) / (b/d) OR ad / bc Relative Risk - [a / (a + b)] / [c / (c + d)] Attributab...

Histones are rich in which 2 amino acids? - Lysine Arginine What histone protein is responsible for binding to the nucleosome and to the "linker" DNA thereby stabilizing the chromatin fiber? - H1 When does DNA and histone synthesis occur in the cell cycle? - S-phase Will the following be increased or decreased or neutral in heterochromatin? methylation acetylation - methylation increased acetylation decreased Which two bases are methylated in DNA replication on the template strand in ...

What gland is found in the muscular triangle of the neck? - Thyroid gland Is an afferent or efferent pupillary defect described as B/L pupillary constriction when light is shined in the unaffected eye and B/L paradoxical dilation when light is shined in the affected eye? - Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent pupillary defect (CN III), B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and consentual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected ey...

Agent John is planning to conduct a series of events. Some will be strictly educational, others will be formal presentations of specific UnitedHealthcare plans, and others will be informal marketing events where he can generate leads and schedule future in-home marketing appointments. Of the three types of events John plans to conduct, which need to be reported to UnitedHealthcare? - ******* When completing an enrollment application in LEAN, why is an agent prohibited from entering his or ...

What is a servicing agent? - an inactive, nonemployee who has signed a servicing agreement in order to receive renewal commisions on medicare advantage and prescription drug plan enrollments on or after 1-1-2014. the agent must maintain an active resident license and appointment and pass medicare basics and ethics compliance assessments on an annual basis What does CMS stand for? - center for medicare and medicaid services Who administers the medicare program and contracts with private heal...