USMLE STEP 1 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PART I

What gland is found in the muscular triangle of the neck? - Thyroid gland Is an afferent or efferent pupillary defect described as B/L pupillary constriction when light is shined in the unaffected eye and B/L paradoxical dilation when light is shined in the affected eye? - Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent pupillary defect (CN III), B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and consentual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected eye. What is the name of the spinal cord passing within the subarachnoid space and forming the spinal nerves that exit the lumbar and sacral foramina? - Cauda equina Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Pulls the arytenoids cartilages closer to the thyroid, relaxing the vocal ligaments and thereby decreasing the pitch - Thyroarytenoid muscles Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Tenses the vocal ligaments, increasing the distance between the cartilages, thereby increasing the pitch - Cricothyroid muscles Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Adducts the vocal ligaments, closes the air passageway during swallowing, and allows phonation - Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Only muscle to abduct the vocal cords - Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles Where does the parotid (Stensen's) duct enter the oral cavity? - Opposite the second upper molar tooth From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Common and internal carotid arteries - Third aortic arch MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivativesFrom what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Degenerates - Fifth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Stapes artery - Second MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Maxillary artery - First MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Arch of the aorta and right subclavian artery - Fourth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Right and left pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus - Sixth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives What abdominal muscle contributes to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, forms the inguinal ligament, and in men gives rise to the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord? - External abdominal oblique