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PARAMEDIC PHARMACOLOGY PROTOCOLS AND DRUG INFORMATION INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE EMS PHARMACOLOGY OVERVIEW AND KEY CONCEPTS INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE

What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system? - They play a role in the blood-brain barrier and provide metabolic support. What do ependymal cells do? - They form the choroid plexus, which is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). What is the function of microglia? - They are involved in the phagocytosis of neuronal debris. What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - They form myelin sheathing in the brain and spinal cord. What do Schwann cells do? - They form myelin ...

What is the function of the lymphatic system? - It removes fluid, protein, bacteria, and debris from the interstitium. What can cause edema in the lymphatic system? - Edema occurs when interstitial fluid accumulation exceeds the lymph rate of removal. What is the normal range for plasma osmolarity? - 280-290 mOsm/L. What is the formula for calculating plasma osmolarity? - Plasma osmolarity = 2 Na+ + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8). What is the largest determinant of plasma osmolarity? - Sodium. ...

What are crystalloids and give examples? - Crystalloids are IV fluids used for hydration and electrolyte balance; examples include Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer's Lactate, and Dextrose solutions. What are colloids and their purpose? - Colloids are IV fluids used to expand plasma volume, especially in shock or severe blood loss; examples include Albumin and Dextran. What is the first step in the IV insertion technique? - Preparation: Verify physician's order, check fluid/medicatio...

PAEDIATRIC DOSAGES - Dosage guidelines for children. Paramedics are NOT authorised to administer aspirin to patients under 18 years of age - Regulation stating that paramedics cannot give aspirin to those younger than 18. Clinicians must only administer medications from the listed indications - Requirement for clinicians to follow specific guidelines for medication administration. Aspirin administration is indicated for patients with suspected ACS or acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema - As...

What is the importance of verifying the Five Rights in medication administration? - To ensure patient safety and efficacy of drug therapy. What should be done if a medication error occurs? - Take appropriate actions as per protocol to address the error. What is the significance of monitoring patient response to drug therapy? - To assess expected and unexpected outcomes of the treatment

What is calcium chloride used for? - Calcium chloride is used to treat hypocalcemia and as an antidote for magnesium toxicity. What is the purpose of dexamethasone? - Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. What is dextrose commonly used for in medical settings? - Dextrose is used to provide a source of calories and fluid, and to treat hypoglycemia. What is diazepam used to treat? - Diazepam is used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, an...

Posterior/Dorsal - towards the back Superior - above Inferior - below Superficial - near the surface Medial - inside (towards the body) Lateral - outside (away from the body) Proximal - near the center of the body or point of attachment Distal - away from the center of the body or point of attachment Supine - lying on back Prone - lying on stomach Adduction - movement of a limb toward midline of the body Abduction - movement of a limb away from midline of the body Flexion - act of b

PARAMEDIC STUDY GUIDE: KEY MEDICAL CONCEPTS AND EMERGENCIES INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE Nervous System - Body's principal control system that regulates bodily functions via electrical impulses transmitted through nerves. Endocrine System - Related to the nervous system, exerts control via hormones. Circulatory System - Assists in regulatory functions by distributing hormones and chemical messengers. Soma - Central cell body of a neuron. Dendrite...

Pharmacokinetics - The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. Efficacy - Drug's ability to create an action once it has attached itself to a receptor. Affinity - Drug's desire to attach to a receptor. Agonist - A drug with both affinity and efficacy that attaches a receptor and causes some effect to occur. Antagonist - A drug that inhibits other drugs from attaching to a given ...