OVERVIEW OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
RELATED DISORDERS INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
What are the two main components of the nervous system? - The brain and spinal cord (Central
Nervous System) and nerves (Peripheral Nervous System).
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System? - It controls involuntary functions such as
heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, and gland activity.
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System? - The Parasympathetic Division
(rest and digest) and the Sympathetic Division (fight or flight).
Which cranial nerves are part of the Parasympathetic Division? - Cranial Nerves 3 (oculomotor),
7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), and 10 (vagus).
What neurotransmitter is primarily used by the Somatic Nervous System? - Acetylcholine.
What is the function of glial cells? - They support and protect neurons; they are smaller than
neurons and do not carry information.
What is the most abundant type of glial cell? - Astrocytes.
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system? - They play a role in the blood-brain
barrier and provide metabolic support.
What do ependymal cells do? - They form the choroid plexus, which is involved in the
production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
,What is the function of microglia? - They are involved in the phagocytosis of neuronal debris.
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - They form myelin sheathing in the brain and spinal cord.
What do Schwann cells do? - They form myelin sheathing in peripheral nerves.
What is a neurotransmitter? - A signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell
across a synapse.
What types of signals can neurotransmitters convey? - They can convey excitatory or inhibitory
signals.
What are the two main types of efferent pathways in the nervous system? - Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic pathways.
What is the origin of the sympathetic nervous system's preganglionic nerve fibers? -
Thoracolumbar region (T1 - L3).
What is the origin of the parasympathetic nervous system's preganglionic nerve fibers? -
Craniosacral region (CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2 - S4).
What type of nerve fibers are sympathetic postganglionic fibers? - Long, unmyelinated fibers
that release norepinephrine.
What type of nerve fibers are parasympathetic postganglionic fibers? - Short, unmyelinated
fibers that release acetylcholine.
, What is the Monro-Kellie Principle? - It states that the total volume of the skull is constant, and
an increase in one component (like CSF) must be compensated by a decrease in another (like
blood or brain tissue).
What is hydrocephalus? - A condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) in the brain.
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used for? - It is used to assess a person's level of consciousness
after a brain injury.
What neurotransmitters are considered excitatory? - Glutamate and Aspartate.
What neurotransmitters are considered inhibitory? - GABA and Glycine.
What is the effect of opening cation channels in a neuron? - It makes the interior of the cell
more positive, moving the resting membrane potential (RMP) closer to threshold.
What is the effect of opening anion channels in a neuron? - It makes the interior of the cell
more negative, moving the resting membrane potential (RMP) away from threshold.
What receptors do excitatory neurotransmitters bind to? - AMPA and NMDA receptors.
What receptors do inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to? - GABAA and GABAB receptors.
What is the role of the thalamus in the brain? - It acts as a relay station, sending signals to
different cortexes.
RELATED DISORDERS INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
What are the two main components of the nervous system? - The brain and spinal cord (Central
Nervous System) and nerves (Peripheral Nervous System).
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System? - It controls involuntary functions such as
heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, and gland activity.
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System? - The Parasympathetic Division
(rest and digest) and the Sympathetic Division (fight or flight).
Which cranial nerves are part of the Parasympathetic Division? - Cranial Nerves 3 (oculomotor),
7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), and 10 (vagus).
What neurotransmitter is primarily used by the Somatic Nervous System? - Acetylcholine.
What is the function of glial cells? - They support and protect neurons; they are smaller than
neurons and do not carry information.
What is the most abundant type of glial cell? - Astrocytes.
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system? - They play a role in the blood-brain
barrier and provide metabolic support.
What do ependymal cells do? - They form the choroid plexus, which is involved in the
production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
,What is the function of microglia? - They are involved in the phagocytosis of neuronal debris.
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - They form myelin sheathing in the brain and spinal cord.
What do Schwann cells do? - They form myelin sheathing in peripheral nerves.
What is a neurotransmitter? - A signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell
across a synapse.
What types of signals can neurotransmitters convey? - They can convey excitatory or inhibitory
signals.
What are the two main types of efferent pathways in the nervous system? - Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic pathways.
What is the origin of the sympathetic nervous system's preganglionic nerve fibers? -
Thoracolumbar region (T1 - L3).
What is the origin of the parasympathetic nervous system's preganglionic nerve fibers? -
Craniosacral region (CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2 - S4).
What type of nerve fibers are sympathetic postganglionic fibers? - Long, unmyelinated fibers
that release norepinephrine.
What type of nerve fibers are parasympathetic postganglionic fibers? - Short, unmyelinated
fibers that release acetylcholine.
, What is the Monro-Kellie Principle? - It states that the total volume of the skull is constant, and
an increase in one component (like CSF) must be compensated by a decrease in another (like
blood or brain tissue).
What is hydrocephalus? - A condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) in the brain.
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used for? - It is used to assess a person's level of consciousness
after a brain injury.
What neurotransmitters are considered excitatory? - Glutamate and Aspartate.
What neurotransmitters are considered inhibitory? - GABA and Glycine.
What is the effect of opening cation channels in a neuron? - It makes the interior of the cell
more positive, moving the resting membrane potential (RMP) closer to threshold.
What is the effect of opening anion channels in a neuron? - It makes the interior of the cell
more negative, moving the resting membrane potential (RMP) away from threshold.
What receptors do excitatory neurotransmitters bind to? - AMPA and NMDA receptors.
What receptors do inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to? - GABAA and GABAB receptors.
What is the role of the thalamus in the brain? - It acts as a relay station, sending signals to
different cortexes.
