IV THERAPY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION OVERVIEW
INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
What are the two fundamental components of modern clinical nursing practice discussed in the
notes? - Intravenous (IV) therapy and blood transfusion.
What is the primary purpose of IV therapy? - To provide rapid administration of fluids,
medications, nutrients, and blood products into the circulatory system.
List some common uses of IV therapy. - Rehydration, electrolyte correction, medication delivery,
and parenteral nutrition.
Why is IV therapy particularly crucial in emergency situations? - It ensures immediate access to
the vascular system for patients unable to take oral medications.
What are some potential complications of IV therapy? - Phlebitis, infiltration, infection, air
embolism, fluid overload, and extravasation.
What is blood transfusion? - The process of transferring blood or its components from a donor
to a recipient.
What are some indications for blood transfusion? - Anemia, trauma, surgery, or blood disorders.
What protocols are essential for safe blood transfusion practices? - Blood type matching, close
observation for adverse reactions, and thorough documentation.
What skills are critical for nursing professionals regarding IV therapy and blood transfusion? -
Technical competence, understanding of anatomy, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and patient-
centered care.
,What are crystalloids and give examples? - Crystalloids are IV fluids used for hydration and
electrolyte balance; examples include Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer's Lactate, and Dextrose
solutions.
What are colloids and their purpose? - Colloids are IV fluids used to expand plasma volume,
especially in shock or severe blood loss; examples include Albumin and Dextran.
What is the first step in the IV insertion technique? - Preparation: Verify physician's order, check
fluid/medication, and gather equipment.
What should be considered when selecting a site for IV insertion? - Choose a vein that is
straight, palpable, and preferably non-dominant.
What is the proper angle for IV catheter insertion? - 15-30 degrees.
What is the purpose of flushing the IV line after insertion? - To check for patency.
What should be monitored during IV therapy maintenance? - Signs of infiltration, phlebitis,
infection, fluid level, rate of infusion, and compatibility of medications.
What documentation is necessary during IV therapy? - Record date, time, insertion site, gauge
of cannula, and patient response.
What are the signs of infiltration during IV therapy? - Swelling, coolness, and discomfort at the
site.
What are the symptoms of phlebitis? - Redness, warmth, and pain at the IV site.
, What is an air embolism and why is it a concern? - The entry of air into the bloodstream; it is a
rare but serious risk.
What is fluid overload and who is at risk? - Excess fluid in the body, particularly concerning for
patients with cardiac or renal conditions.
What is extravasation in the context of IV therapy? - Leakage of vesicant drugs that may cause
tissue damage.
What are the nursing responsibilities before, during, and after IV therapy? - Perform thorough
assessments, select appropriate IV catheter size and type, maintain aseptic technique, educate
the patient on complications and care, ensure documentation and compliance with protocols,
and communicate with the healthcare team about abnormalities.
What is the significance of IV therapy in modern medical treatment? - IV therapy is essential for
the rapid and reliable delivery of vital substances to patients, ensuring safe, effective, and
compassionate care.
What is the definition of intravenous (IV) insertion? - IV insertion is a clinical skill to establish
direct access to the venous system for administering fluids, medications, blood products, or
nutrients.
What are the key steps in preparing a patient for IV insertion? - Verify physician's order, identify
the patient using two identifiers, explain the procedure to reduce anxiety, and assess for history
of difficult IV access and allergies.
What equipment is required for IV insertion? - IV catheter (18G-24G), tourniquet, alcohol or
chlorhexidine swabs, sterile gloves, transparent IV dressing, IV extension tubing, saline flush, IV
solution and infusion set, sharps container, and IV securing device.
INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
What are the two fundamental components of modern clinical nursing practice discussed in the
notes? - Intravenous (IV) therapy and blood transfusion.
What is the primary purpose of IV therapy? - To provide rapid administration of fluids,
medications, nutrients, and blood products into the circulatory system.
List some common uses of IV therapy. - Rehydration, electrolyte correction, medication delivery,
and parenteral nutrition.
Why is IV therapy particularly crucial in emergency situations? - It ensures immediate access to
the vascular system for patients unable to take oral medications.
What are some potential complications of IV therapy? - Phlebitis, infiltration, infection, air
embolism, fluid overload, and extravasation.
What is blood transfusion? - The process of transferring blood or its components from a donor
to a recipient.
What are some indications for blood transfusion? - Anemia, trauma, surgery, or blood disorders.
What protocols are essential for safe blood transfusion practices? - Blood type matching, close
observation for adverse reactions, and thorough documentation.
What skills are critical for nursing professionals regarding IV therapy and blood transfusion? -
Technical competence, understanding of anatomy, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and patient-
centered care.
,What are crystalloids and give examples? - Crystalloids are IV fluids used for hydration and
electrolyte balance; examples include Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer's Lactate, and Dextrose
solutions.
What are colloids and their purpose? - Colloids are IV fluids used to expand plasma volume,
especially in shock or severe blood loss; examples include Albumin and Dextran.
What is the first step in the IV insertion technique? - Preparation: Verify physician's order, check
fluid/medication, and gather equipment.
What should be considered when selecting a site for IV insertion? - Choose a vein that is
straight, palpable, and preferably non-dominant.
What is the proper angle for IV catheter insertion? - 15-30 degrees.
What is the purpose of flushing the IV line after insertion? - To check for patency.
What should be monitored during IV therapy maintenance? - Signs of infiltration, phlebitis,
infection, fluid level, rate of infusion, and compatibility of medications.
What documentation is necessary during IV therapy? - Record date, time, insertion site, gauge
of cannula, and patient response.
What are the signs of infiltration during IV therapy? - Swelling, coolness, and discomfort at the
site.
What are the symptoms of phlebitis? - Redness, warmth, and pain at the IV site.
, What is an air embolism and why is it a concern? - The entry of air into the bloodstream; it is a
rare but serious risk.
What is fluid overload and who is at risk? - Excess fluid in the body, particularly concerning for
patients with cardiac or renal conditions.
What is extravasation in the context of IV therapy? - Leakage of vesicant drugs that may cause
tissue damage.
What are the nursing responsibilities before, during, and after IV therapy? - Perform thorough
assessments, select appropriate IV catheter size and type, maintain aseptic technique, educate
the patient on complications and care, ensure documentation and compliance with protocols,
and communicate with the healthcare team about abnormalities.
What is the significance of IV therapy in modern medical treatment? - IV therapy is essential for
the rapid and reliable delivery of vital substances to patients, ensuring safe, effective, and
compassionate care.
What is the definition of intravenous (IV) insertion? - IV insertion is a clinical skill to establish
direct access to the venous system for administering fluids, medications, blood products, or
nutrients.
What are the key steps in preparing a patient for IV insertion? - Verify physician's order, identify
the patient using two identifiers, explain the procedure to reduce anxiety, and assess for history
of difficult IV access and allergies.
What equipment is required for IV insertion? - IV catheter (18G-24G), tourniquet, alcohol or
chlorhexidine swabs, sterile gloves, transparent IV dressing, IV extension tubing, saline flush, IV
solution and infusion set, sharps container, and IV securing device.
