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Virus envelopes are derived from (AnsCellular membranes and are composed of -lipid bilayers (same composition as the cellular membrane from which they were derived) -viral glycoproteins (spikes sticking out of envelope) Viral envelopes are acquired at the cell membrane by a process called (Ans- Budding Budding (Ans- -viral glycoproteins are inserted to membrane -nucleocapsids associate with glycoproteins and get wrapped in membrane Pathway A of budding (Ans- Some nucleocapsids inter...

How are genomes transported into the nucleus? (Ans- RNP (genome + NP + RNA polymerase complex) starts in the cytoplasm after being dumped from the endosome RNP will get into the nucleus with nuclear pore complexes (gateway for entry and exit sites in nuclear envelope) How do visions enter or exit the nucleus through Nuclear pore complexes? (Ans- Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS): anything that needs to enter nucleus must have this signal (to exit cell must have nuclear export signal) ...

Homeostasis (Ans- The tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment Lipase (Ans- Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids Esophageal sphincter (Ans- A muscular ring between the esophagus and the stomach that controls the movement of food into and out of the stomach Dehydration Synthesis (Ans- A chemical reaction that results in the formation of a covalent bond between two subunit molecules by the removal of a hyd...

What is the importance of the Phosphorous Cycle? (Ans – Phosphorous is an essential component of bones and teeth and is a part of cellular DNA and ATP. Phosphorous is the only cycle that does not cycle through the atmosphere. What are factors that contribute to Acidic Deposition? (Ans - Burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas. This becomes what is called "sour gas". Difference between Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. (Ans - Greenhouse effect are the process b...

The most common helminth parasite in the U.S. is the (Ans- the pinworm Which fungal group reproduce by asexual means ONLY (Ans- deuteromycetes Systemic mycoses are usually acquired by (Ans- inhalation A fungus described as "dimorphic" is (Ans- multicellular in the environment and single celled in the body Asexual reproduction in multicellular Ascomycota results in the production of (Ans- conidiospores Which of the following is/are used in the production of foods and/or beverage...

Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which alanine inhibits pyruvate kinase activity? (Ans - Alanine binds to an allosteric site of the enzyme, changing the shape of the enzyme's active site Different species of bumblebee compete for flower nectar in their ecosystem. While the flowers vary in the length of their petals, bumblebees vary in the length of a mouth part called a proboscis. Bumblebees demonstrate a preference for flowers that correspond to the length of the...

Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell? (Ans- Embedded in the plasma membrane Lactase is the enzyme needed to digest lactose; the sugar found in milk. Most mammals produce lactase when they are young but stop once nursing ends. In humans however, many people continue to produce lactase into adulthood and are referred to as lactase-persistent. Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause lactase persistence in humans? ...

Which of the following claims is best supported by the experimental results? (Ans- Light is required for the electron transport chain to transfer electrons Which of the following best explains how DCMU affected the reaction? (Ans- DCMU acts as an inhibitor to the movement of electrons within the light reaction of photosynthesis Which of the following best justifies the use of tube 2 as a control treatment? (Ans- It was a positive control for measuring the effect of DCMU on the reactio...

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What are the 5 main stages of DB Leadership? (Ans- 1. Project team formation and alignment. 2. Project pursuit and procurement. 3. Design integration and advancement. 4. Construction. 5. Closeout and Commissioning. _____ must manage the entire process (Ans- Design-Builders What does IDWP stand for? (Ans- Integrated Design Work Plan Which phase commitments sets the stage for Integrated Project Leadership and Design-Build Process Control? (Ans- Proposal Phase CommitmentsThe Constructi...

What are 2 examples of privity of contract needed to sue a party for economic losses? (Ans- 1. delay damages 2. Cost to correct defects Application is determined on a state-by-state basis (not valid in all states) True or False? (Ans- True The Economic Loss Doctrine is applicable to personal injury. True or False. (Ans- False The _____ has a professional standard of care. (Ans- DesignerThe _____ has the duty to build what is in the plans and specs. (Ans- Builder The _____ assumes ...

What best describes: "How team members are organized?" (Ans- Project Delivery Systems What best describes "How team members are selected?" (Ans- Procurement Method What best describes "How team members are paid?" (Ans- Contracting Approach List 4 examples of procurement methods. (Ans- - QBS - Best Value - Low Price - Sole source List 5 examples of contracting approach. (Ans- - fixed price - GMP- Cost reimbursement - Target price - unit price In developing acqu...

building information modeling (BIM) (Ans- The digital, three-dimensional modeling of building systems, with the linking of model components to a database of properties and relationships. Allows real-time sharing of design evolution, drives early decision-making, defines expectations for design phase deliverables, enables implementation of additional uses for the database interdisciplinary design charrettes (Ans- thinking out loud together, both-and thinking promotes innovation, greater d...

main qualification or determining factor (Ans- ability to collaborate and emphasize teamwork Shortlisting (Ans- takes the best of "qualified" teams; a key to design-build success; not the same as prequalifying or pass/fail; keeping this small increases interest among the best teams and minimizes procurement costs for everyone including the owner procurement implementing technique #2(f) (Ans- owners who require project specific technical submittals should - use two-phase procuremen...

Professional Liability (E&O) Insurance (Ans- - obtained by A/E - claims made vs. occurrence - renews yearly - covers risk of liability for negligent act, E or O in performance of professional services, economic losses and BI/PD, legal defense - contractors’ contingent and project policies also available - erosion of policy limits for prior claims and attorneys' fees Professional Liability may cover (Ans- - 3rd party damages as result of negligence - economic losses - redesign ...

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An addendum cannot be used to change the: A - Contract Sum B - Date and time for receipt of Bids C - Quality of the Work D - Quantity of the Work Reference: and PDPG 13.4.2.8 and 15.11.2.3, and EJCDC C-700 Paragraph 1.01.A.1; AIA A201 Section 1.1.1. Also see CCAPG 8.3. Also see CSPG 9.4. -------------------------------------- (- Answer: A - Contract Sum. Why, you ask? Because Addenda are issued during the bidding (procurement) stage (see Question No. 8), before there is a signed Contr...

A subcontractor is obligated to the prime contractor in the same manner as the prime contractor is obligated to the: (A) Architect (B) Owner (C) Material Supplier (D) Principal in Charge (- Answer: B Reference: PDPG 2.4.2 , 2.5 Explanation: A subcontractor generally provides labor at the site. A material supplier furnishes the materials for others to install. (PDPG 2.4.2)Subcontractor: An entity that has a direct contract with the contractor to perform a portion of the work of the pr...

When an outside participant is employed by the Owner to oversee and administer the project, this position is known as: A. Project Manager B. Owner's Representative C. Construction Manager D. Project Consultant (Ans- C Which of the following concepts provides an organizational format and standard location for written project documents? A. Bidding Documents B. Project Manual C. Contract Documents D. Division 1 (Ans- BThe Design Phase includes all of the following, except: A. Const...

What is the commercial name for a prefabricated hinge and lock system that can be substituted for clasps in an RPD framework? (Ans- swing-lock Which of the following is the correct definition of retention? (Ans- ability to resist removal of the RPD in an occlusal direction Why should wax be removed from the clasp arms before processing? (Ans- keep clasp from becoming embedded in acrylic Which of the following statements is correct when electropolishing a partial? (Ans- The cathode is th...