NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2
What are the functions of the kidneys?
(ANS- Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of
toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
(ANS- dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
(ANS- ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?
(ANS- peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?
(ANS- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance,
anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting?
(ANS- glucogenesis; glycogenesis
,What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes?
(ANS- adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
(ANS- myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
(ANS- Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?
(ANS- fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?
(ANS- numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?
(ANS- fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?
(ANS- negative feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
(ANS- Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid
stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
, What is diabetes insipidus?
(ANS- a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive
water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus
(ANS- polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome?
(ANS- Excessive secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face",
"buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops
stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism
(ANS-
Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2
What are the functions of the kidneys?
(ANS- Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of
toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
(ANS- dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
(ANS- ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?
(ANS- peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?
(ANS- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance,
anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting?
(ANS- glucogenesis; glycogenesis
,What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes?
(ANS- adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
(ANS- myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
(ANS- Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?
(ANS- fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?
(ANS- numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?
(ANS- fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?
(ANS- negative feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
(ANS- Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid
stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
, What is diabetes insipidus?
(ANS- a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive
water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus
(ANS- polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome?
(ANS- Excessive secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face",
"buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops
stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism
(ANS-
Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
