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Schizophrenia - Answer major psychotic disorder. characterized by disturbances in: perception feeling thought process reality testing attention motivation behavior Types of schizophrenia - Answer positive and negative Positive (Type 1) Symptoms of Schizophrenia - Answer addition. florid and dramatic Symptoms(hallucinations ,delusions ) Excessive dopamine , abnormal thoughts agitation, delusions Grandiosity hostility Suspicious hallucinations, delusions, abnormal tho...

depressed mood, anhedonia, appetite disturbance/weight change, sleep disturbance, fatigue, indecision, worthlessness, and suicide - Answer What are some of the key features of depression? Anhedonia - Answer Inability to feel pleasure or joy A. hopelessness and isolation - Answer A cardinal sign of major depressive disorder is: A. hopelessness and isolation B. Sadness and rapid thought pattern C. lack of energy and ability to understand humor 5 - Answer Major depressive d...

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Elements of the psychiatric interview-2 - Answer patient history (subjective info) and mental status exam (objective info) Sadock -Complete psychiatric assessment - Answer 1) *Identifying data*: pt *2) Source and reliability:* Where information is coming from (patient/chart/family) how reliable information is- use own judgment *3) Chief Complaint*: Pts own statement of why they are here> *4)HPI History of present illness:* chronological description of current episode includ...

ways to handle auditory hallucinations in interview - Answer 1. Ask "do u ever hear someone talking when no one else is there?" If yes, a. have them repeat verbatim a specific convo; and b. Ask @ command hallucinations (like details, any orders to harm self/anyone, whether they ever felt compelled to follow commands). 2. Don't dismiss perception; helpful to test the strength of the belief- "does it seem voices are coming from inside head? Who do u think is speaking to u?" ...

Potency - Answer refers to the relative dose required to achieve certain effects, not to the efficacy of a drug Agonist (full agonist) - Answer A drug that binds to a specific receptor producing an effect identical to that usually produced by the neurotransmitter affecting that receptor Pharmacodynamics - Answer The time course and intensity of a drug's effect/what the drug does to the body Pharmacokinetics - Answer What the body does to a drug Tolerance - Answer De...

There are three phases of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. The three phases consist of the introduction (orientation) phase, the working (identification and exploitation) phase, and the termination (resolution) phase. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action during the working (identification and exploitation) phase: A. Establishing professional boundaries. B. Providing diagnostic evaluation. C. Measuring outcomes of care D. Focusing on self-management strategies. - An...

Ethambutol - Answer It is a comparatively weak antitubercular drug; its principal use is as the secondary drug to avoid resistance problems: a. Rifampicin b. Isoniazid c. Ethambutol d. Pyrazinamide Amino group - Answer Responsible for the broad spectrum activity of amoxicillin and ampicillin a. Benzyl group b. Amino group c. Hydroxyl group d. Methyl group Isoniazid - Answer It is the most powerful and active antitubercular drug a. Rifampicin b. Isoniazid c. Etha...

Black ppt - Answer Color of PbS ppt Potassium - Answer The partner of sodium in the transmission of impulses Lithium and strontium - Answer Ion that gives carmine red color in the flame test White - Answer Bromide reacting with silver nitrate would produce Iodide - Answer Used in the treatment of goiter Copper and zinc - Answer Composition of brass MnO2 - Answer Added to glass to hide the blue green color of Fe Purified water usp - Answer Water used f...

The hormone adrenaline interacts with proteins located on the surface of cells and down not cross the cell membrane. However, larger steroid molecules, such as estrone, cross cell membranes and interact with proteins located in the call nucleus. Why is a large steroid molecule able to cross the cell membrane when a smaller molecule such as adrenaline cannot? - Answer The ability of a molecule to cross the fatty cell membrane has little to do with its size, but more with its hydrophobic charac...

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What three steps does drug development consist of? - Answer Discover, optimization, and development What is meant by a lead component in medicinal chemistry? A. A drug containing the element lead B. A leading drug in a particular area of medicine C. A compound that acts as the starting point for drug design and development D. A drug that is normally first to be prescribed for a particular ailment - Answer C What are the first three stages of design and development? - Answer Id...

What is additive? - Answer Combination of treatments results in the sum of each drug effect separately What is synergy? - Answer Increase in the efficacy of a combination of treatments in comparison to any of its individual parts alone Why should we use combination therapy for cancer? - Answer - Have tumor heterogeneity and chromosomal instability - Want to hit multiple targets at once to kill as many genetically different cells as possible, in different stages of cell cycle - M...

Therapeutic Effect - Answer Desired effect of the Drug Side Effect - Answer Undesired effect of the drug Tolerance - Answer Resistance to the drug; Increase dose for same effect Bioavailability - Answer Amount of the drug that reaches target site Therapeutic Window - Answer Range of safe and effective dosage of the drug Fastest response to medicine? - Answer Parental Injection is fastest way of injection because it goes straight to the bloodstream Calcium carb...

Medicinal Chemistry - Answer science that deals with the discovery and design of new therapeutic chemicals and their development into useful medicines medicines - Answer substances used to treat diseases. medicinal chemistry involves - Answer isolation of compounds from nature synthesis of new molecules investigation of the relationship between the structure of natural/synthetic compounds and their biological activity Ode Shelby Riley, 1929 - Answer ouray county museum in ...

What are the benefits of monoclonal antibodies? - Answer - Makes drugs for certain diseases more effective - reduces side effects, - more precise than other treatments, - can be made in large batches - monoclonal antibody quality is standard for all batches making therapy and diagnostics easier Patents - granted by - protects - length - prevents - claim range - Answer - US patent and trademark office - protects drug sponsors' investments - 20 years - prevents ot...

Structure-activity relationships (SAR) - Answer define the functional groups or regions of a lead compound which are important to its biological activity. Can alter, remove, or mask a functional group then test the analogue for activity Alcohols - Answer H-bond acceptor/donor; an ether analogue would inhibit HBD and HBA as steric shield Amines - Answer ionic and H-bond donor and/or acceptor (tertiary amines only HBA's not HBD); 2° and 3° amide analogues cannot ionize = no ion...

pharmacophore - Answer the pattern of features of a molecule that is responsible for a biological effect, involved in drug-receptor interactions ideal drug has... - Answer - has a desired effect - few side effects - reaches intended site of action with correct concentration - remains at the site of action for correct amt. of time - can be removed when done interacts with a part of the body to... - Answer enhance or decrease an existing physiological or biochemical process- c...

Doxorubicin - Answer Intercalating agent: - Intercalates with major groove of helix - **Prevents activity of topoisomerase II by stabilizing DNA-enzyme complex** - (+)NH3 interacts with charged phosphate groups MOA of topoisomerase II - Answer Relieves strain by cleaving DNA chain, forming a transient double-stranded break, and passing intact strand through transient double-stranded break 1) **Tyr residues in enzyme are involved in chain-breaking process; transient formation o...

What is meant by a lead compound in medicinal chemistry? a) A drug containing the element lead. b) A leading drug in a particular area of medicine. c) A compound that acts as the starting point for drug design and development. d) A drug which is normally the first to be prescribed for a particular ailment. - Answer c A lead compound is a compound that acts as the starting point for drug design and development. It may have disadvantages such as low activity or the presence of ...