Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What are proteins made of? - Answer Polypeptide chains = amino acids linked together by peptide bonds Condensation reaction - Answer a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules (amino acids) combine to produce & lose water Dipeptide - Answer 2 amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond Polypeptide - Answer A chain of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Enzymes - Answer proteins that act as biological catalysts catalyst - Answer substance that s...

Ion - Answer another name for a charged particle (when an atom loses or gains electrons) Ionic Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (positive ion and negative ion) Covalent Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between positive nucleii and the shared pair of electrons Metallic Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of free electrons Molecule - Answer atoms joined by c...

Define the amplitude of a wave - Answer The distance from the rest position to the top of the wave Define the period of a wave - Answer The time taken for one wavelength to pass a point Define the frequency of a wave - Answer The number of waves per second How many ms are in 1s? - Answer 1000 Define coherent light - Answer Coherent light has the same frequency/wavelength and is in phase Define a transverse wave - Answer The oscillations are perpendicular to the directi...

Electronegativity -Answer The force between the nucleus and the outer electron Intermolecular force -Answer The force between molecules First ionisation energy -Answer The ability for an electron to attract a pair of atoms This happens across a period -Answer Atomic radius decreases then increases This happens going down a group -Answer Atomic radius

Cells - Answer building blocks of all living organisms Unicellular - Answer Made from only one cell Multicellular - Answer Made from more than one cell Prokaryotic - Answer Single called organisms (Unicellular). Simple structures. No nucleus and no membrane bound organelles. e.g. bacterial cells Eukaryotic - Answer Make up multicellular organisms. Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. e.g. plant and animals Prokaryotic - Answer found in bacteria a...

How many electrons can each orbital hold? - Answer Two How many electrons can be held in each sub shell? - Answer S - 2 P - 6 D - 10 F - 18 Put the sub shells in order do their energy, lowest to highest - Answer S, p, d and f How do we fill the p and d subshells - Answer singly first and then doubly What is an orbital? - Answer A region of space around the nucleus where there is a 95% chances of finding an electron What is the Aufbau principle? - Answer An electron...

What is a covalent bond? - Answer A covalent bond is a chemical bond that occurs when one or more electron is shared between the atoms. all intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds. True or False - Answer True. What are three types of intermolecular forces - Answer London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding What are London dispersion forces? - Answer The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons. What is a dipole-dipol...

What is a hypothesis? -Answer An Idea that you can test using practical experiments What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? -Answer A good Hypothesis must: Be able to be tested scientifically Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable What is a Null Hypothesis? -Answer States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction. What does qualitative data refer to? -Answer It refers to the a...

Diffusion - Answer the process by which molecules move down a concentration gradient = area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration dynamic equilibrium - Answer a state of balance between continuing processes = don't change the concentration Particles spread evenly what happens when more molecules added? - Answer faster rate of diffusion why? bigger concentration gradient why is diffusion passive? - Answer No energy input needed Diffusion across a mem...

What type of energy is used by a TV? - Answer Electrical What type of energy is produced by a guitar? - Answer Sound What type of energy is given off by a burning match? - Answer Heat and light What are the three types of mechanical energy? - Answer Kinetic, gravitational potential and elastic potential What type of energy is gained when something climbs up high? - Answer Gravitational potential What type of energy does a moving object have? - Answer Kinetic What ty...