- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What are proteins made of? - Answer Polypeptide chains = amino acids linked together by peptide bonds Condensation reaction - Answer a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules (amino acids) combine to produce & lose water Dipeptide - Answer 2 amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond Polypeptide - Answer A chain of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Enzymes - Answer proteins that act as biological catalysts catalyst - Answer substance that s...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Ion - Answer another name for a charged particle (when an atom loses or gains electrons) Ionic Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (positive ion and negative ion) Covalent Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between positive nucleii and the shared pair of electrons Metallic Bond - Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of free electrons Molecule - Answer atoms joined by c...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Define the amplitude of a wave - Answer The distance from the rest position to the top of the wave Define the period of a wave - Answer The time taken for one wavelength to pass a point Define the frequency of a wave - Answer The number of waves per second How many ms are in 1s? - Answer 1000 Define coherent light - Answer Coherent light has the same frequency/wavelength and is in phase Define a transverse wave - Answer The oscillations are perpendicular to the directi...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Electronegativity -Answer The force between the nucleus and the outer electron Intermolecular force -Answer The force between molecules First ionisation energy -Answer The ability for an electron to attract a pair of atoms This happens across a period -Answer Atomic radius decreases then increases This happens going down a group -Answer Atomic radius

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1 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Cells - Answer building blocks of all living organisms Unicellular - Answer Made from only one cell Multicellular - Answer Made from more than one cell Prokaryotic - Answer Single called organisms (Unicellular). Simple structures. No nucleus and no membrane bound organelles. e.g. bacterial cells Eukaryotic - Answer Make up multicellular organisms. Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. e.g. plant and animals Prokaryotic - Answer found in bacteria a...

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18 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

How many electrons can each orbital hold? - Answer Two How many electrons can be held in each sub shell? - Answer S - 2 P - 6 D - 10 F - 18 Put the sub shells in order do their energy, lowest to highest - Answer S, p, d and f How do we fill the p and d subshells - Answer singly first and then doubly What is an orbital? - Answer A region of space around the nucleus where there is a 95% chances of finding an electron What is the Aufbau principle? - Answer An electron...

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15 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What is a covalent bond? - Answer A covalent bond is a chemical bond that occurs when one or more electron is shared between the atoms. all intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds. True or False - Answer True. What are three types of intermolecular forces - Answer London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding What are London dispersion forces? - Answer The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons. What is a dipole-dipol...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What is a hypothesis? -Answer An Idea that you can test using practical experiments What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? -Answer A good Hypothesis must: Be able to be tested scientifically Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable What is a Null Hypothesis? -Answer States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction. What does qualitative data refer to? -Answer It refers to the a...

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13 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Diffusion - Answer the process by which molecules move down a concentration gradient = area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration dynamic equilibrium - Answer a state of balance between continuing processes = don't change the concentration Particles spread evenly what happens when more molecules added? - Answer faster rate of diffusion why? bigger concentration gradient why is diffusion passive? - Answer No energy input needed Diffusion across a mem...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What type of energy is used by a TV? - Answer Electrical What type of energy is produced by a guitar? - Answer Sound What type of energy is given off by a burning match? - Answer Heat and light What are the three types of mechanical energy? - Answer Kinetic, gravitational potential and elastic potential What type of energy is gained when something climbs up high? - Answer Gravitational potential What type of energy does a moving object have? - Answer Kinetic What ty...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Bias - Answer Inclination of prejudice in a way considered to be unfair Economic Issue - Answer Related to the best use of limited, or scarce resources Environmental Issue - Answer Related to the harmful effects of human activity on the environment Ethical issue - Answer Ethically related aspects that may have affected how research was carried out Implication - Answer Effects or consequences of an action that may happen, although not explicitly stated Influence - An...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

what do sensory neurones do - Answer carry nervous impulses from receptors into the central nervous system (CNS) what do motor neurones do - Answer carry impulses from the CNS to the effector organs What do relay neurones do? - Answer relay neurones are intermediate neurones they recieve impulses from a sensory neurone and relay them to motor neurones what are dendrites - Answer carries nervous impulses towards a cell body what is an axon - Answer carry nervous impulses ...

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9 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Atomic radius - Answer Size of the atom. Decreases in size with increasing protons or if atom loses electrons (cation) Increases in size with more shells or if atom gains electrons (anion). First Ionisation energy - Answer The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from an atom in its gaseous atom First ionisation energy down groups - Answer Decreases More shells = more shielding = weaker attraction = easier (less energy) to lose one electron First ionisation ener...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What are the standard units of mass, length and time? - Answer Kilograms, metres and seconds What are the SI prefixes for 10^3, 10^6 and 10^9? - Answer kilo, mega, giga What are the SI prefixes for 10^-3, 10^-6 and 10^-9? - Answer milli, micro, nano What is work done? - Answer The energy transferred in moving something What is power? - Answer the rate at which work is done What happens to a gas when it is compressed? - Answer Particles get closer together Gas pressure...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes? - Answer bacteria name an advantage of visible light microscope - Answer they can observe sub-cellular structures name a disadvantage of light microscope - Answer does not have a very high magnification or resolution name an advantage of electron microscope - Answer has a high resolution and magnification name a disadvantage of electron microscope - Answer they destroy the sample what is the function of the golgi apparatus? - Answe...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer cellular respiration What is the function of the ribosomes? - Answer protein synthesis What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer Synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - Answer Modified and packaged proteins into vesicles for transport What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer Digests old cell material and waste What is the function ...

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12 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What is an electron shell? - Answer A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n. Also known as a main energy level. What is an electron sub-shell. - Answer A group of orbitals of the same type within a shell. What is an electron orbital? - Answer A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin. What shape are s orbitals? - Answer Spherical What shape are p orbitals? - Answer Dumb-bell How many electrons can the an s s...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What are myofibrils? - Answer They are cylindrical organelles that run along the length of muscle fibres, they are the site of muscle contraction How are myosin and actin filaments arranged? - Answer In an alternating pattern in sarcomeres, thick myosin filaments overlap with the thin actin filaments at each end What is a pair of muscles called? - Answer An antagonistic pair What is the sarcolemma? - Answer The membrane of muscle fibres what is the mitochandria? - Answer ...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Oscillation - Answer Regularly repeating motion Periodic time - Answer Time taken for one whole cycle of an oscillation Displacement - Answer Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point. Amplitude - Answer The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium. Frequency - Answer Number of cycles per second EM spectrum - Answer •Radio waves •Microwaves •Infra-red •Visible light •...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Ion another name for a charged particle (when an atom loses or gains electrons) Ionic Bonding The strong force of attraction between positive metal ion and negative non-metal ion Covalent Bonding The strong force of attraction between positive nuclei and the shared pair of electrons Metallic Bonding The strong force of attraction between positive metal ions and the surrounding sea of free electrons Molecule atoms joined by covalent bonds Free (delocalised) electrons electrons that hav...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Salano