AP European History Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Diet of Worms held by Charles V against Martin Luther's preachings, decreed no one could read Luther's works Versailles King Louis XIV's palace during French absolutism rule Florence center of the arts Amsterdam The port city of Holland, which was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. It became a center of trade later in the Age of Exploration because Holland was a center of banking. Holland was considered one of the "Low Countries" which were the prosperous western areas of the Holy Roma...

Benvenuto Cellini Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise. Condottiere Mercenary soldier of a political ruler. Humanism Recovery and study of classical authors & writings. Individualism Emphasis on the unique & creative personally (personality?). New Monarchs Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority often by Machiavellian means. Ration...

Benvenuto Cellini Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise. Condottiere Mercenary soldier of a political ruler. Humanism Recovery and study of classical authors & writings. Individualism Emphasis on the unique & creative personally (personality?). New Monarchs Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority often by Machiavellian means. Ration...

Russian German Reinsurance Treaty Wilhelm didn't renew this agreement between Russia and Germany causing Russia to feel very insulted Allied Powers ww1 Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (later), and US (later) Central Powers ww1 Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire Morocco Crisis After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference- German bullying forced England and France closer. Germany gained nothing. Algeciras Conference International conference call...

Why did trade and travel decline after the fall of Rome? Trade and travel declined after the fall of Rome due to a lack of government. They couldn't provide nor keep roads and/or bridges safe and repaired. This caused travel to become difficult and dangerous. Who was the first "Holy Roman Emperor" and how did he get the title? The first "Holy Roman Emperor" was Charlemagne who ruled from 768-814 A.D.. During his rule, he united Western Europe and the Frankish Kingdom, this lasted from ...

Mary Wollstonecraft British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." Montesquieu Philosophe who wrote "Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. Constitution. Voltaire Philosophe who wrote the "Candide", satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, ...

Mary Wollstonecraft British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." Montesquieu Philosophe who wrote "Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. Constitution. Voltaire Philosophe who wrote the "Candide", satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, ...

Mary Wollstonecraft British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." Montesquieu Philosophe who wrote "Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. Constitution. Voltaire Philosophe who wrote the "Candide", satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, ...

Mary Wollstonecraft British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." Montesquieu Philosophe who wrote "Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. Constitution. Voltaire Philosophe who wrote the "Candide", satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, ...

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