echocardiography

The human ear can perceive sounds up to _______, above which sounds are referred to as "ultrasound." a. 5 kHz b. 20 kHz c. 5 MHz d. 20 MHz correct answer: B: 20 kHz. Ultrasound frequencies in imaging are usually 3-12 MHz The piezoelectric effect refers to converting ____ energy into ____ energy. correct answer: Electrical energy into kinetic or mechanical energy. Which of the following is NOT a parameter to be considered when minimizing ultrasound-induced thermal injury? a. Hair...

SV and CO SV = π × (1)² CO = SV × (2) ÷ 1000 1. LVOT/2 2. HR right atrial pressure just remember 50%/21mm/0,5,10,15 LA inflow velocities. •LA inflow velocities are recorded in the (1) vein from an apical four-chamber view on TTE and any pulmonary vein on TEE. •The (2)mm length sample volume should be at least (3)cm distal to pulmonary vein orifice. •(4) wall filter setting allow accurate measurements that require identification of where the velocity signal intersect...

What phase is atrial depolarization correct answer: P wave What phase is ventricle depolarization correct answer: QRS What phase is ventricular repolarization correct answer: T wave What is the pacemaker correct answer: SA node The left main coronary artery divides into correct answer: Left anterior descending and left circumflex Right coronary artery divides into correct answer: Marginal artery and right posterior descending What prevents over distension of the heart cor...

Explain how reverberation-type artifacts occur? correct answer: Reverberation-type artifacts occur because of multiple reflections off the transducer or strong reflectors. The reverberation lines intensity decreases ad the distance from the transducer increases. The reverberation lines are equally spaced and parallel to the main sound beam How do you quantify pericardial effusion on Echo? correct answer: Echo free space size between pericardial layers at the end of diastole. -Trival perica...

What is the most common congenital heart disease (CHD) in fetal? correct answer: VSD CHD most likely associated with abnormal chromosomes? correct answer: VSD, AVSD, Tetralogy of Fallot CHD least likely associated with abnormal chromosomes? correct answer: D-TGA, Atrial Isomerism (heterotaxy) CHD most likely associated with non-cardiac anomalies? correct answer: Tetralogy of Fallot, Coarctation, Pulmonary Stenosis Organogenesis correct answer: All major organ systems, including ...

The PLAX view allows ID of all of the following wall segments EXCEPT: A. Basal and mid-interventricular septum B. Basal and mid-posterior wall of the LV C. Infero-lateral wall of the LV D. LV apex correct answer: D Wall segments that are visualized in the PSAX view of LV at papillary muscle level include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Anterior septum B. Anterior wall C. Antero-inferior wall D. Antero-lateral wall correct answer: C LV wall segments that may be visualized in the a...

a wave that requires a medium through which to travel, cannot travel in a vacuum correct answer: mechanical wave transducer that requires mechanical focusing and steering. electrical focusing and steering is not possible correct answer: single element transducer Multiple elements used to create an image by varying timing of the electrical pulses to different elements in the array correct answer: phased array high frequency probes have ________ penetration and _________ resolution cor...

If imaging just inferior to the crux, the _ is seen, correct answer: coronary sinus If imaging just above the crux, the ___ comes into view. correct answer: left ventricular outflow tract The mitral and aortic valves lie in the left ventricle, ___ the right heart structures correct answer: behind (posterior to) Just above the aorta, the ______, crosses over the aortic origin and continues as the arterial duct correct answer: pulmonary artery ___(Direction)___ the pulmonary artery...

what is required in order for blood flow to occur? correct answer: a pressure difference the two types of spectral Doppler correct answer: pulsed-wave (PW) continuous wave (CW) which valve is slightly more apical, the MV or the TV? correct answer: TV how do you optimize color gain? correct answer: increase it until excessive and then lower by 1 when there is an obstruction to flow, the flow becomes _____ correct answer: turbulent turbulent flow is predicted by the ______ num...

Ultimately, the sinus venosus forms the: A. posterior portions of the atria B. Pulmonary Veins C. Superior and inferior vena cava D. All of the above correct answer: D. All of the above prior to week three, the heart consists of a pair of tubes situated on either side of the midline toward the caudal end of the embryo. true or false? correct answer: False The interventricular sulcus divides the primitive ventricle and: A. Apical portion of the ventricles B. Bulbus cordis C....