echocardiography

Echocardiology serves as an ideal ___ method to examine cardiac anatomy in the normal as well as abnormal states. correct answer: Noninvasive List 3 possible pharmacological techniques for stress test. correct answer: 1. Dobutamine, 2. Adenosine, 3. Dipyridamine Myocardial ___ occurs when the regional oxygen supply is insufficient to meet the body's demand. correct answer: Ischemia 4 Indications for stress echocardiology. correct answer: 1. Screening for CAD, 2. Assessing states be...

What does partial closure of the aortic valve in mid-systole suggest? This is a classic feature of subvalvular obstruction caused by either the dynamic gradient of HCM or fixed obstruction of a subaortic membrane How can you distinguish aortic stenosis flow from MR or TR flow on continuous wave doppler? Look for the abrupt bright spikes in the CW spectral Doppler signal. Aortic stenosis flow should only start after the aortic valve opens Name a condition in which the modified Bernou...

what is systolic function? how well the heart squeezes what can ventricular systolic function help predict? disease severity clinical endpoints treatment planning what are the measures of systolic function? stroke volume and ejection fraction what is stroke volume? volume of blood ejected during systole (each beat) measured in ml what is a synonym for stroke volume? pump performance what is ejection fraction? decrease in volume relative end-diastolic volume mea...

Blood flow Svc, Ivc, Cs, - RA - TV - RV - PV - MPA - RT & LT PA - arterioles - pulmonary capillaries - venules - PV4 - LA - MV - LV - AOV - AAO - aortic arch - descending thoracic aorta - descending abdominal aorta - rt & lt common iliac artery - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - SVC, IVC, CS - RA The left heart is associated with the _______ circulatory system Systemic high pressure, high resistance, O2 sat 98% The right heart is associated with the ________ c...

What is the normal value for coronary flow reserve? 4 What does this mean? Flow can increase 4-fold in response to vasodilators, such as adenosine. What is TAPSE? What does it indicate? Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion is an indication of RV function with better inter- and intraobserver accuracy than wall motion. How can TAPSE be measured by TEE? TAPSE can be measured in 2D or MMode. What is the normal value for TAPSE? > 20 mm What is another use for TA...

The amount of blood pumped out of the AO with every heart beat correct answer: Stroke volume Typically the best view to obtain flow in the right pulmonary vein correct answer: Apical view In PLAX, what is the only segment of the LV you cant see? correct answer: Apex Normal MV area correct answer: 4-5 cm^2 or 4-6 cm^2 Normal inner dimension in diastole in adults (MM and CM) correct answer: 37-58 mm or 3.7-5.8 cm What are the 3 branches from the aortic artery correct answer: B...

Which valve separates the ares of greatest pressure differences? correct answer: Mitral valve Which valve separates the areas of lowest pressure differences? correct answer: Pulmonic valve Where does the LAD? correct answer: in the anterior groove or sulcus Which vein is paired with the LAD? correct answer: the great cardiac vein Which aortic leaflet is the superior one in the parasternal long axis view? correct answer: the right leaflet Which aortic valve leaflet is the post...

Contraindications to TEE correct answer: Esophageal pathology -severe dysphagia -esophageal stricture -esophageal diverticula -bleeding esophageal varices -esophageal cancer Cervical spine disorders -severe atlantoaxial joint disorders -orthopedic conditions that prevent neck flexion LV diastolic normal diameters correct answer: Women: 3.9-5.3 cm Men: 4.2-5.9 cm LV systolic normal volume correct answer: Women: 19-49 mL Men: 22-58 mL Impaired relaxation correct answer: St...

What occurs when a bacterial colony attaches to the myocardium or leaflets usually in the form of vegetation? correct answer: Endocarditis What is inflammation of the pericardium which results in a build-up of pericardial fluid or fibrinous tissue within the pericardium? correct answer: Pericarditis What is a thin, linear, perforated membranous like structure located in the coronary sinus which moves freely within the RA? correct answer: Chiari network What is the part of the aorta a...