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BIOL 540 – EXAM #4 2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTION

What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back again to glucose via gluconeogenesis? - ANSWER4 Why does a congenital defect in the liver enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase result in abnormally high levels of lactate in the blood plasma? - ANSWERDefects in this enzyme prevent the entry of lactate into gluconeogenesis, causing lactate to accumulate in the blood. How does the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis ov...

71. Which statement is false in reference to the mammalian synthesis of urea?a. Krebs was a major contributor to the elucidation of the pathway involved. b. The amino acid arginine is the immediate precursor to urea.c. The carbon atom of urea is derived from mitochondrial . d. The precursor to one of the nitrogens of urea is aspartate.e. The process of urea production is an energy-yielding series of reactions. - ANSWERe 72. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fatty tissue present in ...

What is life? - ANSWERA chemical system capable of darwinian evolution Requirements for life - ANSWERraw materials energy envelope or barrier separating living and inanimate worlds biological information catalysis molecular biology (information containing polymers (synthesis, modification, function, and degradation)) molecular biology - ANSWERstudy of essential cellular macromolecules and the biological pathways that connect them (maintain and transmit information) - study of gene ...

______________ is the molecule central to all metabolic pathways. - ANSWERGlucose What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates? - ANSWER(CH2O)n n>/= 3 What are the 4 isomeric forms of carbohydrates? - ANSWER1. Consitutional Isomers = different locations of functional groups - ALDOSE = terminal C=O - KETOSE = internal C=O 2. Enantiomers = non-superimposable mirror images - D-FORM = farthest C from C=O has OH on right - L-FORM = farthest C from C=O has OH on left 3. Epimers = ...

What are the 2 levels of metabolic control? Which has the fastest effects? - ANSWER1. Trancriptional 2. Translational - fastest Which of the following is correct? a) proteins operate in a graded fashion b) proteins are either on or off - ANSWERB What are the 2 roles of tRNA - ANSWER1. match correct aa with correct tRNA 2. codon-anticodon interaction Describe the steps involved in tRNA activation. - ANSWER1. Amino acid and enzyme form complex; energy provided from ATP hydrolysis and ...

glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER- allosteric regulation - exists in active form a and inactive form b AMP - ANSWERpositive effector of glycogen phosphorylase calcium - ANSWERpositive effector for glycogen phosphorylase kinase glucagon (in liver) - ANSWER- activates glycogenolysis - inhibits glycolysis - increases blood glucose pyruvate kinase - ANSWERstep in glycolysis directly inhibited by protein kinase A epinephrine - ANSWER- in liver: increases blood glucose - alpha and bet...

Carboxylic Acid Structure - ANSWER Organic Acid Anhydride Structure Structure - ANSWER Inorganic Acid Anhydride (Phosphoanhydride) Structure - ANSWER Polar Charged Amino Acids - ANSWERaspartate, glutamate, lysine, arginine, histidine Polar Uncharged Amino Acids - ANSWERserine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine

BIOL 540 – Exam #5 2025 With Accurate Solution

What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back again to glucose via gluconeogenesis? – Answer️☑️4 Why does a congenital defect in the liver enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase result in abnormally high levels of lactate in the blood plasma? – Answer️☑️Defects in this enzyme prevent the entry of lactate into gluconeogenesis, causing lactate to accumulate in the blood. How does the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate...