BIOL 540 – Exam #5 2025 With
Accurate Solution
What is the role of fatty acid synthase in fatty
acid biosynthesis? – Answer✅️ ☑️It catalyzes
biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA
What is the acyl carrier protein? –
Answer✅️ ☑️It shuttles the acyl group from one
active site to another in sequence
What are the steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?
– Answer✅️ ☑️1. Acetyl-CoA carboxylated to
malonyl-CoA
2. CoA swapped for ACP
3. 2nd acetyl-CoA Acetyl-ACP
4. Methylene (2) C nucleophile to acetyl-ACP
5. Keto group reduced to hydroxyl
6. Dehydrated to form unsaturated bond
7. Additional malonyl-ACP added to elongate
,8. Steps 1-7 x 6
9. Thioesterase cleaves off ACP of palmitoyl-
ACP
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase –
Answer✅️ ☑️Catalyzes irreversible reaction; the
carboxyl group from HCO3- is transferred to
biotin
4’-phosphopantetheine –
Answer✅️ ☑️prosthetic group of ACP; part of a
single fructokinase-1 polypeptide
How is the 2nd Acetyl-CoA turned into acetyl-
ACP? – Answer✅️ ☑️1. Fatty acid synthase
causes the activated acyl group and 2C from
malonyl-CoA to undergo condensation to form
the b-keto product
2. b-keto product reduces, H2O eliminated to
form double bond
, 3. Double bond reduced to form saturated
fatty acyl group
4. Butyryl group transferred from
phosphopantetheine-SH
What are the two precursors of triacylglycerol
and glycerophospholipids? – Answer✅️ ☑️L-
glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl-CoA
Carnitine shuttle – Answer✅️ ☑️Transports long-
chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial
membrane; requires activation to a fatty acyl-
CoA
What are the two pools of Coenzyme A? –
Answer✅️ ☑️1. In the cytosol, it is used as the
biosynthesis of fatty acids
2. In the mitochondrial matrix, it is used in
oxidative degradation of pyruvate, fatty acids,
and some amino acids
Accurate Solution
What is the role of fatty acid synthase in fatty
acid biosynthesis? – Answer✅️ ☑️It catalyzes
biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA
What is the acyl carrier protein? –
Answer✅️ ☑️It shuttles the acyl group from one
active site to another in sequence
What are the steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?
– Answer✅️ ☑️1. Acetyl-CoA carboxylated to
malonyl-CoA
2. CoA swapped for ACP
3. 2nd acetyl-CoA Acetyl-ACP
4. Methylene (2) C nucleophile to acetyl-ACP
5. Keto group reduced to hydroxyl
6. Dehydrated to form unsaturated bond
7. Additional malonyl-ACP added to elongate
,8. Steps 1-7 x 6
9. Thioesterase cleaves off ACP of palmitoyl-
ACP
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase –
Answer✅️ ☑️Catalyzes irreversible reaction; the
carboxyl group from HCO3- is transferred to
biotin
4’-phosphopantetheine –
Answer✅️ ☑️prosthetic group of ACP; part of a
single fructokinase-1 polypeptide
How is the 2nd Acetyl-CoA turned into acetyl-
ACP? – Answer✅️ ☑️1. Fatty acid synthase
causes the activated acyl group and 2C from
malonyl-CoA to undergo condensation to form
the b-keto product
2. b-keto product reduces, H2O eliminated to
form double bond
, 3. Double bond reduced to form saturated
fatty acyl group
4. Butyryl group transferred from
phosphopantetheine-SH
What are the two precursors of triacylglycerol
and glycerophospholipids? – Answer✅️ ☑️L-
glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl-CoA
Carnitine shuttle – Answer✅️ ☑️Transports long-
chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial
membrane; requires activation to a fatty acyl-
CoA
What are the two pools of Coenzyme A? –
Answer✅️ ☑️1. In the cytosol, it is used as the
biosynthesis of fatty acids
2. In the mitochondrial matrix, it is used in
oxidative degradation of pyruvate, fatty acids,
and some amino acids
