BIOL 540 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
What is life? - ANSWERA chemical system capable of darwinian evolution
Requirements for life - ANSWERraw materials
energy
envelope or barrier separating living and inanimate worlds
biological information
catalysis
molecular biology (information containing polymers (synthesis, modification, function,
and degradation))
molecular biology - ANSWERstudy of essential cellular macromolecules and the
biological pathways that connect them (maintain and transmit information)
- study of gene structure/function at molecular level
- hybrid of genetics and biochemistry
- biological information
when was molecular biology founded? - ANSWER1938 - as a research approach in
which physics and chemistry are used to address biological problems
Evolution and molecular biology - ANSWERmolecular biology --> genetic variation --
> natural selection (variation and competition) --> origin and diversification of life on
earth
Mendels laws of inheritance - ANSWERindependent assortment
independent segregation
law of dominance
Miescher's discovery - ANSWERDNA - cell nuclei contain protein and nucleic acid
Molecular biology an be used for: - ANSWERgenetic testing
forensics
agriculture
cancer research
track pandemics
wastewater treatment
energy
Mendel - ANSWER1822-1884; father of modern genetics.
Mendls breeding experiments showed _____. - ANSWERpatterns of inheritance
, Genes - ANSWERdiscrete factors of inheritance that underlie mendelian laws
Law of independent assortment - ANSWERtraits are inherited independently of each
other
Unlinked genes - ANSWER- on different chromosomes
- 2 genes assort into gametes independently of each other
- follow typical 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratios
linked genes - ANSWER- on the same chromosome
- do not assort into gametes independently of each other
- unexpected phenotypic ratios
genes on the same chromosome are said to be ---> - ANSWERlinked
linked genes are inherited as a ____ and (do/do not) undergo independent
assortment - ANSWERunit; do not
law of dominance - ANSWERfor each trait, one allele is dominant and 1 is recessive
3:1 ratio of Dom:rec phenotype
law of segregation - ANSWERan organism inherits one allele for each trait from each
parent
Principle of segregation - ANSWERequal and independent segregation of alleles in
gametogenisis
diploid - ANSWER2 alleles, 1 from each parent
alleles segregate at _____ - ANSWERgametogenesis
Principle of dominance - ANSWERone allele masks the characteristic of another;
observed phenotype
Mendelian ratios - ANSWER
genes - ANSWER...units of heredity
alleles - ANSWERa copy/variation of a gene
locus - ANSWER...an area on a chromosome
dominant - ANSWER
recessive - ANSWER
gametes - ANSWER
diploid - ANSWER
haploid - ANSWER
ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
What is life? - ANSWERA chemical system capable of darwinian evolution
Requirements for life - ANSWERraw materials
energy
envelope or barrier separating living and inanimate worlds
biological information
catalysis
molecular biology (information containing polymers (synthesis, modification, function,
and degradation))
molecular biology - ANSWERstudy of essential cellular macromolecules and the
biological pathways that connect them (maintain and transmit information)
- study of gene structure/function at molecular level
- hybrid of genetics and biochemistry
- biological information
when was molecular biology founded? - ANSWER1938 - as a research approach in
which physics and chemistry are used to address biological problems
Evolution and molecular biology - ANSWERmolecular biology --> genetic variation --
> natural selection (variation and competition) --> origin and diversification of life on
earth
Mendels laws of inheritance - ANSWERindependent assortment
independent segregation
law of dominance
Miescher's discovery - ANSWERDNA - cell nuclei contain protein and nucleic acid
Molecular biology an be used for: - ANSWERgenetic testing
forensics
agriculture
cancer research
track pandemics
wastewater treatment
energy
Mendel - ANSWER1822-1884; father of modern genetics.
Mendls breeding experiments showed _____. - ANSWERpatterns of inheritance
, Genes - ANSWERdiscrete factors of inheritance that underlie mendelian laws
Law of independent assortment - ANSWERtraits are inherited independently of each
other
Unlinked genes - ANSWER- on different chromosomes
- 2 genes assort into gametes independently of each other
- follow typical 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratios
linked genes - ANSWER- on the same chromosome
- do not assort into gametes independently of each other
- unexpected phenotypic ratios
genes on the same chromosome are said to be ---> - ANSWERlinked
linked genes are inherited as a ____ and (do/do not) undergo independent
assortment - ANSWERunit; do not
law of dominance - ANSWERfor each trait, one allele is dominant and 1 is recessive
3:1 ratio of Dom:rec phenotype
law of segregation - ANSWERan organism inherits one allele for each trait from each
parent
Principle of segregation - ANSWERequal and independent segregation of alleles in
gametogenisis
diploid - ANSWER2 alleles, 1 from each parent
alleles segregate at _____ - ANSWERgametogenesis
Principle of dominance - ANSWERone allele masks the characteristic of another;
observed phenotype
Mendelian ratios - ANSWER
genes - ANSWER...units of heredity
alleles - ANSWERa copy/variation of a gene
locus - ANSWER...an area on a chromosome
dominant - ANSWER
recessive - ANSWER
gametes - ANSWER
diploid - ANSWER
haploid - ANSWER
