Study Notes, Summaries, Case Studies, Assignments, Exam Prep & Learning Resources

1. A nurse is providing health education to a group of young adults. Which preventive measure should the nurse emphasize most to reduce mortality in this age group? A. Safe driving practices B. Routine cancer screenings C. Adequate calcium intake D. Annual influenza vaccinations Answer: A Rationale: Injuries from motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in young adults. While other measures are important, safety promotion, especially related to driving, significantly reduces mo...

1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone is expected at this age? A. Pulls to stand B. Sits unsupported C. Rolls from back to front D. Says simple sentences Answer: C Rationale: At 6 months, most infants can roll from back to front. Sitting unsupported typically occurs closer to 8 months, and pulling to stand around 9–12 months. Sentences emerge in toddlerhood. ________________________________________ 2. The parents of a toddler report frequent temper...

1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages, which developmental task is this child working through? A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt B. Initiative vs. Guilt C. Trust vs. Mistrust D. Industry vs. Inferiority Answer: B Rationale: Preschool-aged children (3–5 years) are in the “initiative vs. guilt” stage, where they begin to assert control and power over their environment. ________________________________________ 2. A nurse is planning ca...

1. A nurse is assessing the structure of a patient’s family. Which question best helps determine the family structure? A. “How many meals do you eat together?” B. “What do you like to do on weekends?” C. “Who lives in your household and how are they related to you?” D. “Who makes the meals in your home?” Answer: C Rationale: Asking who lives in the household and their relationship helps the nurse identify family structure, essential for individualized care planning. ____...

1. A nurse is caring for a patient from a culture that strictly limits physical contact with non-family members. Which action by the nurse demonstrates cultural competence? A. Avoiding all forms of touch and limiting interaction B. Explaining the necessity of all procedures and asking permission before contact C. Asking a colleague from the same culture to take over care D. Continuing care as usual, assuming the patient will adapt Answer: B Rationale: Cultural competence involves respectin...

1. A nurse is caring for an 82-year-old patient admitted for pneumonia. Which normal age-related change may affect the patient's ability to clear secretions effectively? A. Increased lung elasticity B. Decreased cough reflex C. Increased ciliary function D. Decreased alveolar surface tension Correct Answer: B Rationale: Aging leads to a decreased cough reflex, which impairs the older adult’s ability to clear respiratory secretions effectively. ________________________________________...

1. A nurse consistently listens to her patients’ concerns and advocates for their needs. Which theory of caring best aligns with this approach? A. Swanson’s Theory of Caring B. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs C. Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory D. Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Correct Answer: D Rationale: Watson emphasizes the transpersonal caring relationship, focusing on the nurse’s presence, advocacy, and holistic approach to patient care. ____________________________...

1. A nurse is teaching a group of patients about the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health. Which statement best reflects this definition? A. "Health is the absence of disease or illness." B. "Health is a dynamic state of physical, mental, and social well-being." C. "Health means being able to work and perform daily activities." D. "Health is a condition of normal vital signs." Answer: B Rationale: The WHO defines health as a dynamic state of com...

1. A nurse is formulating a clinical question to guide evidence-based practice. Which component of the PICO format represents the "C"? A. Current intervention B. Clinical guideline C. Comparison intervention D. Control outcome Answer: C Rationale: In the PICO format, "C" stands for "Comparison," which refers to an alternative intervention or standard practice for comparison. ________________________________________ 2. Which level of evidence is considered the most relia...

1. A nurse is using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory while caring for a patient. Which of the following actions best reflects this theory? A. Administering medication as prescribed B. Maintaining a clean, well-ventilated, and quiet room C. Educating the patient about healthy diet choices D. Encouraging spiritual reflection Correct Answer: B Rationale: Florence Nightingale emphasized manipulating the patient’s environment to facilitate healing. Clean air, water, and a quiet environmen...