Chapter 4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice Fundamentals of Nursing 11th Edition (Potter & Perry) 50 NCLEX-Style Exam Questions with Detailed Rationales

1. A nurse is using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory while caring for a patient. Which of the following actions best reflects this theory? A. Administering medication as prescribed B. Maintaining a clean, well-ventilated, and quiet room C. Educating the patient about healthy diet choices D. Encouraging spiritual reflection Correct Answer: B Rationale: Florence Nightingale emphasized manipulating the patient’s environment to facilitate healing. Clean air, water, and a quiet environment are central to her Environmental Theory. ________________________________________ 2. Which of the following best defines a nursing theory? A. A guide for medical diagnosis and intervention B. A set of concepts and propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena C. A hypothesis requiring scientific validation D. A prescriptive manual for nursing policy Correct Answer: B Rationale: Nursing theory provides a framework for nursing practice by offering a systematic view of phenomena related to patient care. ________________________________________ 3. Which theorist is best known for developing the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory? A. Virginia Henderson B. Madeleine Leininger C. Dorothea Orem D. Jean Watson Correct Answer: C Rationale: Dorothea Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which emphasizes the nurse's role in helping individuals meet their self-care needs. ________________________________________ 4. According to Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, which of the following is essential in the nurse-client relationship? A. Documenting procedures accurately B. Administering medications promptly C. Establishing a caring, healing relationship D. Referring to evidence-based practice Correct Answer: C Rationale: Watson’s theory highlights the importance of transpersonal caring relationships in the healing process. ________________________________________ 5. What component is central to Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations? A. Stress reduction B. Holistic assessment C. The nurse-patient relationship D. Health promotion Correct Answer: C Rationale: Peplau's theory is centered on the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient, including phases of orientation, working, and resolution. ________________________________________ 6. The metaparadigm of nursing includes which four central concepts? A. Client, nurse, environment, and wellness B. Person, health, environment, and nursing C. Client, diagnosis, intervention, and outcome D. Nurse, physician, treatment, and care Correct Answer: B Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm consists of person, health, environment, and nursing—these provide a framework for theory and practice. ________________________________________ 7. Madeleine Leininger’s theory focuses on: A. Patient safety and error reduction B. Cultural competence in care C. Evidence-based nursing decisions D. Physical rehabilitation Correct Answer: B Rationale: Leininger’s Culture Care Theory emphasizes culturally congruent care and the importance of understanding diverse cultural backgrounds. ________________________________________ 8. A nurse applies Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in prioritizing care. What need must be met first? A. Self-actualization B. Love and belonging C. Safety and security D. Physiological Correct Answer: D Rationale: Physiological needs, such as food, oxygen, and water, are the most basic and must be addressed before higher-level needs. ________________________________________ 9. Which statement about nursing theories is correct? A. They are static and do not change over time B. They provide definitive rules for care C. They explain phenomena and guide nursing practice D. They are only used in academic research Correct Answer: C Rationale: Nursing theories serve to explain relationships among variables and provide a guide for nursing practice. ________________________________________ 10. According to Benner’s Theory “From Novice to Expert,” which stage is characterized by the ability to recognize patterns and respond intuitively? A. Advanced beginner B. Competent C. Proficient D. Expert Correct Answer: D Rationale: In Benner’s model, the expert nurse has intuitive grasp of clinical situations and can zero in on the problem without wasteful consideration of unfruitful options. ________________________________________ 11. Which theorist is associated with systems theory in nursing? A. Dorothea Orem B. Betty Neuman C. Callista Roy D. Virginia Henderson Correct Answer: B Rationale: Betty Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model, which focuses on stressors and the client’s response to them. ________________________________________ 12. In Henderson’s theory, the nurse’s role is best described as: A. Diagnosing and treating illness B. Filling gaps until the patient can be independent C. Enforcing hospital policies D. Conducting research Correct Answer: B Rationale: Henderson viewed nursing as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting fundamental needs. ________________________________________ 13. What best describes the Roy Adaptation Model? A. Encourages self-actualization B. Focuses on a patient's ability to adapt to stimuli C. Centers on the physical needs of patients D. Reduces reliance on technology in care Correct Answer: B Rationale: Callista Roy’s model views the individual as an adaptive system responding to internal and external stimuli. ________________________________________ 14. Which nursing theory emphasizes caring as the moral ideal? A. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory B. Watson’s Human Caring Theory C. Neuman’s Systems Model D. Roy’s Adaptation Model Correct Answer: B Rationale: Jean Watson’s theory places caring at the core of nursing as a moral and philosophical foundation. ________________________________________ 15. A nurse adjusts the room temperature and reduces noise for a patient recovering from surgery. This aligns with which theory? A. Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory B. Orem’s Theory C. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory D. Roy’s Adaptation Model Correct Answer: C Rationale: Adjusting environmental factors to promote healing is a core principle of Nightingale’s theory. ________________________________________