Chapter 6 Health and Wellness Fundamentals of Nursing 11th Edition (Potter & Perry) 50 NCLEX-Style Exam Questions with Detailed Rationales

1. A nurse is teaching a group of patients about the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health. Which statement best reflects this definition? A. "Health is the absence of disease or illness." B. "Health is a dynamic state of physical, mental, and social well-being." C. "Health means being able to work and perform daily activities." D. "Health is a condition of normal vital signs." Answer: B Rationale: The WHO defines health as a dynamic state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ________________________________________ 2. Which model of health and illness focuses on the interaction of a person's characteristics with the environment to predict health-related behavior? A. Health Belief Model B. Holistic Health Model C. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs D. Health Promotion Model Answer: D Rationale: The Health Promotion Model, developed by Pender, focuses on how individual characteristics and experiences interact with behavior-specific knowledge to influence health-promoting behavior. ________________________________________ 3. A patient tells the nurse, “I never go to the doctor because I feel fine and don’t think I’ll ever get sick.” This statement reflects which concept in the Health Belief Model? A. Cues to action B. Perceived benefits C. Perceived susceptibility D. Self-efficacy Answer: C Rationale: The patient is showing low perceived susceptibility, which refers to an individual’s assessment of their risk for a health problem. ________________________________________ 4. The nurse uses Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to prioritize care. Which of the following needs should the nurse address first? A. Self-esteem B. Safety and security C. Love and belonging D. Oxygenation and hydration Answer: D Rationale: Physiological needs such as oxygen and hydration are the most basic and must be met before higher-level needs are addressed. ________________________________________ 5. A client recently diagnosed with diabetes expresses feelings of denial and anger. According to the stages of behavior change, which stage is this client most likely in? A. Preparation B. Precontemplation C. Contemplation D. Action Answer: B Rationale: In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that needs to be changed. ________________________________________ 6. Which intervention would best support a client in the preparation stage of behavioral change for smoking cessation? A. Provide strategies for avoiding tobacco triggers B. Encourage reflection on past attempts to quit C. Educate about risks of smoking D. Offer nicotine replacement therapy Answer: D Rationale: Clients in the preparation stage are intending to take action and may benefit from practical resources like nicotine replacement therapy. ________________________________________ 7. A nurse assesses a patient's wellness using the Holistic Health Model. Which action best aligns with this model? A. Administering medications to relieve symptoms B. Educating about prescribed treatment plans C. Encouraging meditation and energy-based therapies D. Measuring weight and BMI Answer: C Rationale: The Holistic Health Model promotes the integration of mind, body, and spirit, often using complementary or alternative therapies. ________________________________________ 8. A nurse is teaching a group of students about primary prevention. Which example is considered a primary prevention strategy? A. Mammogram screening B. Blood pressure monitoring C. Immunization against hepatitis B D. Physical therapy after a stroke Answer: C Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. Immunizations are a classic example. ________________________________________ 9. Which is the best example of secondary prevention? A. Nutritional counseling for healthy individuals B. Colonoscopy for individuals over 50 C. Rehabilitation for stroke patients D. Prenatal classes for first-time mothers Answer: B Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of disease. A colonoscopy screens for colon cancer. ________________________________________ 10. Tertiary prevention focuses on: A. Preventing disease occurrence B. Early detection of disease C. Reducing complications of existing conditions D. Promoting vaccination campaigns Answer: C Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to minimize long-term impact of chronic illnesses through rehabilitation and treatment. ________________________________________ 11. Which factor is considered a modifiable health risk? A. Age B. Gender C. Smoking D. Genetic predisposition Answer: C Rationale: Smoking is a lifestyle choice and can be modified to reduce health risks. ________________________________________ 12. A nurse notices that a client from a lower-income background struggles to maintain a balanced diet. Which social determinant of health is most relevant here? A. Genetics B. Access to education C. Socioeconomic status D. Cultural beliefs Answer: C Rationale: Socioeconomic status directly affects one’s ability to access nutritious food, healthcare, and other resources. ________________________________________ 13. A nurse encourages an elderly client to walk 30 minutes a day to improve cardiovascular health. What level of prevention is this? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Curative Answer: A Rationale: Encouraging exercise to prevent disease falls under primary prevention. ________________________________________ 14. A patient recently experienced a myocardial infarction and is undergoing cardiac rehab. Which level of prevention does this represent? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Holistic Answer: C Rationale: Tertiary prevention minimizes the effects of a disease or disability through therapy and rehabilitation. ________________________________________ 15. Which nursing action demonstrates a wellness approach rather than an illness approach? A. Administering antibiotics for pneumonia B. Conducting a vision screening C. Teaching stress-reduction techniques D. Monitoring blood glucose in a diabetic patient Answer: C Rationale: Wellness models emphasize active strategies to promote health, like stress reduction. ________________________________________