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This Package Contains all the Necessary Materials needed to excel in Physics paper A level and B. It's Comprised of most Questions expected during Exams and Provides the best solutions to the Exam Questions based on the new updates

Dynamo A device that converts mechanical power into electrical power with a direct current. Eddy Currents Small closed loops of current within a conductor or magnet. In a transformer these currents act against the magnetic flux that generates a current in the secondary coil, making the transformer less efficient and heating the core. Electrical Conductance The inverse of resistance. A measure of how well an object conducts electricity. Electromagnetic Induction When a current carrying...

What is the magnitude of the force experienced by a current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field? Force = Magnetic Flux Density x Current x Length F = BIL State the safety precautions that should be taken when working with wires carrying high currents. Wires carrying high currents will get very hot, so you must avoid touching the wire throughout the experiment. The power supply should be turned off when not required in order to reduce the heating effect. What rule can be used to det...

What is a source’s internal resistance? A source’s internal resistance is the resistance of the materials inside the source. It is equal to the lost volts per unit current in the source. What is the emf of a power source? A power supply’s emf is the work done by the source per unit charge. It is equal to the potential difference across the source when no current flows. State the equation used to calculate a battery’s emf from its current, load resistance and internal resistance...

How can you calculate the total resistance of a combination of resistors in series? The total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances. R = R₁ + R₂...+ Rₙ How can you calculate the total resistance of a parallel combination of resistors? The total resistance equals the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual resistances. 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂...+ 1/Rₙ What device can be used to check the resistance of a component? An Ohmmeter or multimeter can be used t...

What is an uncertainty? An uncertainty in a measurement is anything that may cause the value to differ from the true value. What is the resolution of a measuring instrument? The resolution of an instrument is the smallest increment that produces a noticeable change in the value. How do you combine uncertainties when adding values? Add the absolute uncertainties. How do you combine uncertainties when subtracting values? Add the absolute uncertainties. How do you combine uncertainties wh...

Absolute Uncertainty The interval that a value is said to lie within, with a given level of confidence. Accuracy A measure of how close a measurement is to the true value. Analogue Apparatus Measuring apparatus such as rulers, beakers and thermometers that rely on the experimenter reading off a scale to determine the measurement. Anomalies Data points that don’t fit the pattern of the data. You should determine why an anomalous result has occurred before removing it. Repeat readings...

1. Define the term ‘progressive wave’. A wave that transfers energy from one place to another with a wave front which travels through the material (in contrast to stationary waves which don’t appear to move). 2. What is a longitudinal wave? Waves which the particles oscillate in the same direction as energy propagation. 3. There are rarefactions (areas of low pressure) and compressions (areas of high pressure). 4. What is a transverse wave? Give examples. Waves where the particl...

How does the alpha-scattering experiment give evidence of a small, dense nucleus? A few alpha particles bounce back. This wouldn’t happen if the positive charge in the atom was distributed evenly throughout (as in the Plum Pudding Model), which suggests they must be hitting a dense positive charge. The fact it only happens to a very small number of alpha particles shows the nucleus must be small. What are the main constituents of an atom? ● Proton ● Neutron ● Electron How many ...

Absolute Temperature A temperature value relative to absolute zero. Absolute Zero The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy. Avogadro Constant The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas. Boltzmann Constant A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ temperature. Boyle’s Law The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when ...