Physics OCR A Level Module 5: Newtonian World and Astrophysics: Questions with Complete Solutions

Absolute Temperature A temperature value relative to absolute zero. Absolute Zero The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy. Avogadro Constant The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas. Boltzmann Constant A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ temperature. Boyle’s Law The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature. Brownian Motion The random motion of particles. Change of Phase The transitions between solids, liquids and gases. During a change of phase, there is a change of internal energy but not temperature. Equation of State of an Ideal Gas An equation linking pressure, volume, number of moles, temperature and the ideal gas constant. Gas A phase of matter in which the particles are high energy and free to move. Gases will fill the space they are placed in. Internal Energy The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system. Kelvin The unit of absolute temperature. Liquid A phase of matter in which the particles can slide over each other, but still have forces of attraction between each other. Solid A phase of matter in which the particles can only vibrate about fixed positions, due to strong intermolecular forces. Specific Heat Capacit