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Pros of stem cell research - Answer Curing genetic diseases Growing skin for burn victims Growing new organs Cons of stem cell research - Answer Harvesting embryonic stem cells kills the embryo, what constitutes a viable embryo? Cons of genetically modified foods - Answer Man should not interfere, allergens, modifications not contained-could pass in to wild species Cons of cloning - Answer - reduced gene pool - animals less healthy - worries that humans coul...

Vascular Plant - Answer has true leaves, stems, roots that contain xylem and phloem Nonvascular Plants - Answer lack true leaves, stems, and roots and do not have any true vascular tissue but instead rely on diffusion and osmosis to transport most materials or recourses needed to survive endotherms - Answer Animals (such as birds or mammals) that can regulate their body temperature regardless of the environments. ectotherms - Answer An animals that warms itself m...

What is Interphase? - Answer - mainly growth of a cell occurs in this phase rather than cell division - most cells live here - except cancer What is Mitosis? - Answer active cell division What is the G1 phase (growth phase)? - Answer - Occurs within interphase - most of cell's life - more organelles & proteins What is the S phase (synthesis)? - Answer -DNA replication of 23 pairs (half from mom & half from dad) - results in 46 pairs What is the G...

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Distinguish among types of symbiosis - Answer Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Normal Microbiota - Answer The microbes that colonized the surfaces of the body without normally causing disease Two main types of the normal microbiota - Answer Resident Transient Resident - Answer Remain a part of the normal microbiota of a person throughout life Most are commensal Begin gaining your resident microbiota as you pass through the birth canal Transient - Ans...

Quorum Sensing (intra-species) - Answer LuxI--> autoinducers --> LuxR binds to autoinducers -->bioluminescence Quorum Sensing (inter-species) - Answer LuxS --> AI2 autoinducer --> binds to LuxPQ --> phosphorylates LuxO--> activates LitR --> activates LuxR --> begin transciption --> bioluminescence Numerical Taxonomy - Answer Grouping organisms based on their similar traits DNA/DNA Hybridization - Answer comparing organisms based on t...

microbiology - Answer study of small (microscopic) organisms tree of life - Answer bacteria on one side; archaea and eukarya on the other structural characteristics of bacteria - Answer -~1 micrometer in length - lack organelles -store DNA in nucleoid (no membrane) -have circular chromosomes -70S ribosomes -peptidoglycan cell wall prokaryotes - Answer bacteria and archaea (have nucleoid) structural characteristics of eukaryotes - Answer -large -mem...

Streptococcus pneumoniae - Answer -Mistaken for a eukaryotic fungus -Gram positive, soil bacterium -Linear chromosomes -Hyphal growth, cell division is rare -Multiple chromosomes per cell -Developmental cycle -Sporulation -Polyketide antibiotics -Problem with linear chromosomes: Can't replicate ends of chromosomes. Tpg proteins somehow fill in the DNA gap. Yersinia pestis - Answer -Causes Bubonic plague -Black Death () killed 30% of Europe's population -Carried bet...

bacterial species - Answer a collection of strands that share important traits and 70% DNA/DNA genome hybridization with a type strand type strain - Answer an arbitrarily selected bacterial strain that has all of the hallmark traits of the species to which it belongs numerical taxonomy - Answer compare organisms based on similar traits - what is closest to "type strain"? DNA/DNA hybridization - Answer compare organisms based on total genome similarity >...

During conjugation... - Answer The donor cell actively transports DNA out of itself Which of part of the bacterial flagellum is assembled last? - Answer Filament The inter-species quorum sensing autoinducer AI-2 is... - Answer Bound by membrane receptors Changing the antigens on the bacterial cell surface as a defense against attack is called... - Answer Phase Variation What is the most accurate term to describe the flagellar arrangement shown in the sketch at...

Bacillus subtilis - Answer Gram-positive found in soil industrial workhouse: produces proteases, riboflavin, fungicide Powerful genetic system "competent" takes up free DNA from the environment sporulation, cascade of sigma factors Fremyella diplosiphon - Answer cyanobacterium fixes carbon, fixes nitrogen heterocysts protect nitrogenase oxygenic photosynthesis makes gas vesivles "chromatic acclimation" In green light, makes green absorbing pigment- default ...

FtsZ - Answer cell division protein forms contractile ring in center of cell & recruits cell wall synthesis machinery MinC - Answer inhibits FtsZ polymerization MinD - Answer membrane-bound anchor and MinC activator MinE - Answer determines FtsZ positioning by inhibiting MinC & MinD from the center Noc - Answer Nucleoid Occlusion -coats chromosome; inhibits FtsZ from polymerizing over chromosome Autolysins - Answer cell separases; peptidoglycan...

What conditions limit bacterial growth? - Answer temperature desiccation oxygen radiation acidity pressure chemicals nutrients Heat damages by: - Answer 1. disrupts membrane fluidity 2. melts/denatures proteins 3. dsDNA -> ssDNA Cold damages by: - Answer 1. shatters membrane 2. prevents proteins from bending and breaks them 3. slows metabolism Types of halotolerance: - Answer non-halophile halotolerant moderate halophile extreme halophile Type...

What is the "Tree of Life" and it's three branches? - Answer shows the evolutionary relatedness of organisms. 3 branches are eukarya, archaea, and bacteria In what 4 major ways to bacteria differ from eukarya? - Answer -bacteria have nucleoids (not a nucleus) -lack organelles -and have usually one circular chromosome -have a cell wall of peptidoglycan, where eukarya have no cell wall or one made of cellulose/chitin the feature of a bacterial cell that many antibiot...

Respiration - Answer The use of an electron transport chain to create a proton motive force Eating - Answer Taking electrons off of a molecule Breathing - Answer Putting electrons onto a molecule OOTW: Geobacter metallireducens - Answer Gram negative soil bacterium, consumes sugars and oil-based pollutants, respires metals (iron, uranium, technetium), bioremediation, pili conduct electrons outside the "nanowires," bio fuel cells, anaerobic respiration Na...

Microbiology - Answer The study of microorganisms Microscopic, single cell , cluster, chains carry out life processes dependently or independently? - Answer Carry out life processes INDEPENDENTLY as SINGLE CELLS What are Viruses? - Answer microscopic, non-cellular, RNA or DNA Bacterial and their processes and their effects on society, humans, animals, and the environment what are the two basic themes? - Answer 1. Basic - cellular processes 2. Applied - pra...

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Upperworks - Answer Where is the best location for leveling a crane? When determining the gross load, the best method is: - Answer Get an accurate load weight and add the rigging By order of hitch strength, which is the correct answer? - Answer Basket, vertical, choker What is the purpose of using a jib? - Answer Increase height. When taking a side strain on a boom, what concerns the operator most? - Answer Boom damage You should always have at least ...

Which area do truck cranes without a 5th outrigger generally have no lifting capacity unless the manufacturer states otherwise? - Answer The front What is the definition of "operating radius?" - Answer The distance from the center of rotation of the crane to the center of gravity of the load What applies to the capacities below the bold line shown on a load chart? - Answer They are based on the stability of the crane In which quadrant are rough terrain crane capa...

To provide protection in the cranes work area, barriers MUST be erected in accessible areas; - Answer Within the equipment's rotating structure All of the following can cause a two-block condition except: - Answer Raising the boom When rotation of load may be hazardous, the operator must - Answer Ensure tag line is used According to OSHA 1926 Subpart cc, which of the following individuals is not allowed within the fall zone? - Answer Qualified evaluator The...